{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,20]],"date-time":"2026-09-20T20:36:49Z","timestamp":1789936609145,"version":"4.0.1"},"reference-count":7,"publisher":"American Public Health Association","issue":"4","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Am J Public Health"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2005,4]]},"abstract":"<jats:p> A century ago, the US Supreme Court in Jacobson v Massachusetts upheld the exercise of the police power to protect the public\u2019s health. Despite intervening scientific and legal advances, public health practitioners still struggle with Jacobson\u2019s basic tension between individual liberty and the common good. <\/jats:p><jats:p> In affirming Massachusetts\u2019 compulsory vaccination law, the Court established a floor of constitutional protections that consists of 4 standards: necessity, reasonable means, proportionality, and harm avoidance. Under Jacobson, the courts are to support public health matters insofar as these standards are respected. <\/jats:p><jats:p> If the Court today were to decide Jacobson once again, the analysis would likely differ\u2014to account for developments in constitutional law\u2014but the outcome would certainly reaffirm the basic power of government to safeguard the public\u2019s health. <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.2105\/ajph.2004.055152","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2005,3,29]],"date-time":"2005-03-29T21:43:21Z","timestamp":1112132601000},"page":"576-581","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":58,"title":["<i>Jacobson v Massachusetts<\/i> at 100 Years: Police Power and Civil Liberties in Tension"],"prefix":"10.2105","volume":"95","author":[{"given":"Lawrence O.","family":"Gostin","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Lawrence O. Gostin is with the Center for the Law and the Public\u2019s Health, Georgetown University Law Center, Washington, DC."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"844","reference":[{"key":"R6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM200102013440511"},{"key":"R12","unstructured":"Smallpox: vaccination and tetanus. Curr Lit. 1902;32:484\u2013487."},{"key":"R13","unstructured":"Compulsory vaccination. NY Law Notes. 1901:224\u2013228."},{"key":"R35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2307\/845413"},{"key":"R39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2307\/1122721"},{"key":"R41","unstructured":"Calandrillo SP. Vanishing vaccinations: why are so many Americans opting out of vaccinating their children? Mich J Law Reform. 2004;37:353\u2013440."},{"key":"R51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0264-410X(02)00627-8"}],"container-title":["American Journal of Public Health"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/ajph.aphapublications.org\/doi\/pdf\/10.2105\/AJPH.2004.055152","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2022,5,9]],"date-time":"2022-05-09T22:35:27Z","timestamp":1652135727000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/ajph.aphapublications.org\/doi\/full\/10.2105\/AJPH.2004.055152"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2005,4]]},"references-count":7,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2005,4]]}},"alternative-id":["10.2105\/AJPH.2004.055152"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2105\/ajph.2004.055152","relation":{},"ISSN":["0090-0036","1541-0048"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0090-0036","type":"print"},{"value":"1541-0048","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2005,4]]}}}