{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,30]],"date-time":"2026-06-30T11:23:39Z","timestamp":1782818619358,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":9,"publisher":"American Public Health Association","issue":"7","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Am J Public Health"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2006,7]]},"abstract":"<jats:p> Objectives. We examined the major causes of and risk factors for death among migrants who died while making unauthorized border crossings into the United States from Mexico. <\/jats:p><jats:p> Methods. Decedents were included in the study if (1) their remains were found between January 1, 2002, and December 31, 2003, in any US county along the 650-mi (1040-km) section of the US\u2013Mexican border from Yuma, Ariz, to El Paso, Tex; (2) their immigration status was unauthorized; and (3) they were believed to have died during transit from Mexico to the United States. Characteristics of the decedents and causes of and risk factors for their deaths were examined. <\/jats:p><jats:p> Results. Among the 409 decedents meeting our inclusion criteria, environmental heat exposure (n=250; 61.1%) was the leading cause of death, followed by vehicle crashes (n=33; 8.1%) and drownings (n=24; 5.9%). Male decedents (n= 298; 72.8%) outnumbered female decedents (n = 105; 25.6%) nearly 3 to 1. More than half of the decedents were known to be Mexican nationals (n=235; 57.5%) and were aged 20 to 39 years (n=213; 52.0%); the nationality of 148 (36.2%) decedents was undetermined. <\/jats:p><jats:p> Conclusions. Deaths among migrants making unauthorized crossings of the US\u2013Mexican border are due to causes that are largely preventable. Prevention strategies should target young Mexican men, and focus on preventing them from conceiving plans to cross the border, discouraging them from using dangerous routes as crossing points, and providing search-and-rescue teams to locate lost or injured migrant crossers. <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.2105\/ajph.2005.075168","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2006,5,31]],"date-time":"2006-05-31T09:05:48Z","timestamp":1149066348000},"page":"1282-1287","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":40,"title":["Unauthorized Border Crossings and Migrant Deaths: Arizona, New Mexico, and El Paso, Texas, 2002\u20132003"],"prefix":"10.2105","volume":"96","author":[{"given":"Sanjeeb","family":"Sapkota","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Sanjeeb Sapkota and Harold W. Kohl III are with the National Center for Chronic Disease Prevention and Health Promotion, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Ga. Julie Gilchrist is with the National Center for Injury Prevention and Control, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta. Jay McAuliffe is with the Office of Global Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta. Bruce Parks is with the Forensic Science Center, Pima County Medical Examiner\u2019s Office, Tucson,..."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"suffix":"III","given":"Harold W.","family":"Kohl","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Sanjeeb Sapkota and Harold W. Kohl III are with the National Center for Chronic Disease Prevention and Health Promotion, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Ga. Julie Gilchrist is with the National Center for Injury Prevention and Control, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta. Jay McAuliffe is with the Office of Global Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta. Bruce Parks is with the Forensic Science Center, Pima County Medical Examiner\u2019s Office, Tucson,..."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Julie","family":"Gilchrist","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Sanjeeb Sapkota and Harold W. Kohl III are with the National Center for Chronic Disease Prevention and Health Promotion, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Ga. Julie Gilchrist is with the National Center for Injury Prevention and Control, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta. Jay McAuliffe is with the Office of Global Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta. Bruce Parks is with the Forensic Science Center, Pima County Medical Examiner\u2019s Office, Tucson,..."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jay","family":"McAuliffe","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Sanjeeb Sapkota and Harold W. Kohl III are with the National Center for Chronic Disease Prevention and Health Promotion, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Ga. Julie Gilchrist is with the National Center for Injury Prevention and Control, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta. Jay McAuliffe is with the Office of Global Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta. Bruce Parks is with the Forensic Science Center, Pima County Medical Examiner\u2019s Office, Tucson,..."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bruce","family":"Parks","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Sanjeeb Sapkota and Harold W. Kohl III are with the National Center for Chronic Disease Prevention and Health Promotion, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Ga. Julie Gilchrist is with the National Center for Injury Prevention and Control, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta. Jay McAuliffe is with the Office of Global Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta. Bruce Parks is with the Forensic Science Center, Pima County Medical Examiner\u2019s Office, Tucson,..."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bob","family":"England","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Sanjeeb Sapkota and Harold W. Kohl III are with the National Center for Chronic Disease Prevention and Health Promotion, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Ga. Julie Gilchrist is with the National Center for Injury Prevention and Control, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta. Jay McAuliffe is with the Office of Global Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta. Bruce Parks is with the Forensic Science Center, Pima County Medical Examiner\u2019s Office, Tucson,..."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tim","family":"Flood","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Sanjeeb Sapkota and Harold W. Kohl III are with the National Center for Chronic Disease Prevention and Health Promotion, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Ga. Julie Gilchrist is with the National Center for Injury Prevention and Control, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta. Jay McAuliffe is with the Office of Global Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta. Bruce Parks is with the Forensic Science Center, Pima County Medical Examiner\u2019s Office, Tucson,..."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"C. Mack","family":"Sewell","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Sanjeeb Sapkota and Harold W. Kohl III are with the National Center for Chronic Disease Prevention and Health Promotion, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Ga. Julie Gilchrist is with the National Center for Injury Prevention and Control, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta. Jay McAuliffe is with the Office of Global Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta. Bruce Parks is with the Forensic Science Center, Pima County Medical Examiner\u2019s Office, Tucson,..."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dennis","family":"Perrotta","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Sanjeeb Sapkota and Harold W. Kohl III are with the National Center for Chronic Disease Prevention and Health Promotion, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Ga. Julie Gilchrist is with the National Center for Injury Prevention and Control, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta. Jay McAuliffe is with the Office of Global Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta. Bruce Parks is with the Forensic Science Center, Pima County Medical Examiner\u2019s Office, Tucson,..."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Miguel","family":"Escobedo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Sanjeeb Sapkota and Harold W. Kohl III are with the National Center for Chronic Disease Prevention and Health Promotion, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Ga. Julie Gilchrist is with the National Center for Injury Prevention and Control, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta. Jay McAuliffe is with the Office of Global Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta. Bruce Parks is with the Forensic Science Center, Pima County Medical Examiner\u2019s Office, Tucson,..."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Corrine E.","family":"Stern","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Sanjeeb Sapkota and Harold W. Kohl III are with the National Center for Chronic Disease Prevention and Health Promotion, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Ga. Julie Gilchrist is with the National Center for Injury Prevention and Control, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta. Jay McAuliffe is with the Office of Global Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta. Bruce Parks is with the Forensic Science Center, Pima County Medical Examiner\u2019s Office, Tucson,..."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"David","family":"Zane","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Sanjeeb Sapkota and Harold W. Kohl III are with the National Center for Chronic Disease Prevention and Health Promotion, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Ga. Julie Gilchrist is with the National Center for Injury Prevention and Control, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta. Jay McAuliffe is with the Office of Global Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta. Bruce Parks is with the Forensic Science Center, Pima County Medical Examiner\u2019s Office, Tucson,..."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kurt B.","family":"Nolte","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Sanjeeb Sapkota and Harold W. Kohl III are with the National Center for Chronic Disease Prevention and Health Promotion, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Ga. Julie Gilchrist is with the National Center for Injury Prevention and Control, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta. Jay McAuliffe is with the Office of Global Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta. Bruce Parks is with the Forensic Science Center, Pima County Medical Examiner\u2019s Office, Tucson,..."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"844","reference":[{"key":"R5","unstructured":"Battistella G. Unauthorized migrants as global workers in ASEAN. Southeast Asian Stud. 2002;40(3):9\u201317."},{"key":"R6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/019791839502900209"},{"key":"R11","unstructured":"Eschbach K, Hagan JM, Rodriguez NP. Deaths during undocumented migration: trends and policy implications in the new era of homeland security. 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