{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,7]],"date-time":"2026-05-07T07:48:44Z","timestamp":1778140124362,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":19,"publisher":"American Public Health Association","issue":"2","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Am J Public Health"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2007,2]]},"abstract":"<jats:p> Objectives. We investigated whether the Kidskin sun protection intervention increased children\u2019s body mass index by reducing the time spent outdoors at midday. <\/jats:p><jats:p> Methods. The Kidskin sun protection intervention involved 1614 Australian school children assigned to 1 of 3 groups: a control group, a moderate-intervention group, or a high-intervention group. Schools in the control group received the standard health curriculum and schools in the intervention groups received a multicomponent intervention. Outcomes included time spent outdoors and nevus development (a marker of melanoma risk). Height and weight were measured at 3 time points. Body mass index was transformed into age- and gender-specific z scores; z scores at each age were modeled simultaneously. Time spent outdoors at ages 10 and 12 years was analyzed using a linear mixed effects modeling. <\/jats:p><jats:p> Results. The proportion of children who were overweight or obese increased with age. The moderate-intervention and control groups had a minimal increase in z score over time, and the z score for the high-intervention group decreased over time. There were no differences among groups with respect to total time outdoors at any age. <\/jats:p><jats:p> Conclusions. It is possible to reduce the time children spend outdoors when ultraviolet radiation is high without producing an unfavorable effect on the children\u2019s body mass index. <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.2105\/ajph.2005.080499","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2006,12,29]],"date-time":"2006-12-29T01:40:06Z","timestamp":1167356406000},"page":"306-310","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":15,"title":["Time Spent Outdoors at Midday and Children\u2019s Body Mass Index"],"prefix":"10.2105","volume":"97","author":[{"given":"Elizabeth","family":"Milne","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Elizabeth Milne is with the Telethon Institute for Child Health Research, Centre for Child Health Research, University of Western Australia, West Perth. Dallas English and Julie Simpson are with the Cancer Epidemiology Centre, the Cancer Council Victoria, Melbourne, Australia, and the Centre for Molecular, Environmental, Genetic and Analytic Epidemiology, School of Population Health, University of Melbourne, Melbourne. Robyn Johnston is with the School of Nursing and Public Health, Edith Cowan University..."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Julie A.","family":"Simpson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Elizabeth Milne is with the Telethon Institute for Child Health Research, Centre for Child Health Research, University of Western Australia, West Perth. Dallas English and Julie Simpson are with the Cancer Epidemiology Centre, the Cancer Council Victoria, Melbourne, Australia, and the Centre for Molecular, Environmental, Genetic and Analytic Epidemiology, School of Population Health, University of Melbourne, Melbourne. Robyn Johnston is with the School of Nursing and Public Health, Edith Cowan University..."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Robyn","family":"Johnston","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Elizabeth Milne is with the Telethon Institute for Child Health Research, Centre for Child Health Research, University of Western Australia, West Perth. Dallas English and Julie Simpson are with the Cancer Epidemiology Centre, the Cancer Council Victoria, Melbourne, Australia, and the Centre for Molecular, Environmental, Genetic and Analytic Epidemiology, School of Population Health, University of Melbourne, Melbourne. 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