{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,28]],"date-time":"2026-01-28T22:22:25Z","timestamp":1769638945139,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":26,"publisher":"American Public Health Association","issue":"7","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Am J Public Health"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2007,7]]},"abstract":"<jats:p> Objectives. We assessed the association between exposure to an educational intervention that emphasized safer breastfeeding practices and postnatal HIV transmission among 437 HIV-positive mothers in Zimbabwe, 365 of whom did not know their infection status. <\/jats:p><jats:p> Methods. Mothers were tested for HIV and were encouraged\u2014but not required\u2014to learn their HIV status. Intervention exposure was assessed by a questionnaire, Turnbull methods were used to estimate postnatal HIV transmission, and multivariate Cox proportional hazard models were constructed to assess the association between intervention exposure and postnatal HIV transmission. <\/jats:p><jats:p> Results. Cumulative postnatal HIV transmission was 8.2%; each additional intervention contact was associated with a 38% reduction in postnatal HIV transmission. HIV-positive mothers who were exposed to both print and video materials were 79% less likely to infect their infants compared with mothers who had no exposure. These findings were similar for mothers who did not know their HIV status. <\/jats:p><jats:p> Conclusions. The promotion of exclusive breastfeeding has the potential to reduce postnatal HIV transmission among women who do not know their HIV status, and child survival and HIV prevention programs should support this practice. <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.2105\/ajph.2006.085704","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2007,5,31]],"date-time":"2007-05-31T01:19:17Z","timestamp":1180574357000},"page":"1249-1254","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":25,"title":["The Impact of Safer Breastfeeding Practices on Postnatal HIV-1 Transmission in Zimbabwe"],"prefix":"10.2105","volume":"97","author":[{"given":"Ellen G.","family":"Piwoz","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Ellen G. Piwoz is with the Center for Nutrition, Academy for Educational Development, Washington, DC. Jean H. Humphrey, Naume V. Tavengwa, Peter J. Iliff, and Kuda Mutasa are with the ZVITAMBO Project, Harare, Zimbabwe. Ellen G. Piwoz, Jean H. Humphrey, and Lawrence H. Moulton are with the Department of International Health, Johns Hopkins University Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Md. Edmore T. Marinda is with the School of Public Health, University of Witswatersrand, Johannesburg, South..."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jean H.","family":"Humphrey","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Ellen G. Piwoz is with the Center for Nutrition, Academy for Educational Development, Washington, DC. Jean H. Humphrey, Naume V. Tavengwa, Peter J. Iliff, and Kuda Mutasa are with the ZVITAMBO Project, Harare, Zimbabwe. Ellen G. Piwoz, Jean H. Humphrey, and Lawrence H. Moulton are with the Department of International Health, Johns Hopkins University Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Md. Edmore T. Marinda is with the School of Public Health, University of Witswatersrand, Johannesburg, South..."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Naume V.","family":"Tavengwa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Ellen G. Piwoz is with the Center for Nutrition, Academy for Educational Development, Washington, DC. Jean H. Humphrey, Naume V. Tavengwa, Peter J. Iliff, and Kuda Mutasa are with the ZVITAMBO Project, Harare, Zimbabwe. Ellen G. Piwoz, Jean H. Humphrey, and Lawrence H. Moulton are with the Department of International Health, Johns Hopkins University Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Md. Edmore T. Marinda is with the School of Public Health, University of Witswatersrand, Johannesburg, South..."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Peter J.","family":"Iliff","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Ellen G. Piwoz is with the Center for Nutrition, Academy for Educational Development, Washington, DC. Jean H. Humphrey, Naume V. Tavengwa, Peter J. Iliff, and Kuda Mutasa are with the ZVITAMBO Project, Harare, Zimbabwe. Ellen G. Piwoz, Jean H. Humphrey, and Lawrence H. Moulton are with the Department of International Health, Johns Hopkins University Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Md. Edmore T. Marinda is with the School of Public Health, University of Witswatersrand, Johannesburg, South..."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Edmore T.","family":"Marinda","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Ellen G. Piwoz is with the Center for Nutrition, Academy for Educational Development, Washington, DC. Jean H. Humphrey, Naume V. Tavengwa, Peter J. Iliff, and Kuda Mutasa are with the ZVITAMBO Project, Harare, Zimbabwe. Ellen G. Piwoz, Jean H. Humphrey, and Lawrence H. Moulton are with the Department of International Health, Johns Hopkins University Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Md. Edmore T. 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