{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,21]],"date-time":"2026-05-21T00:28:55Z","timestamp":1779323335966,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":33,"publisher":"American Public Health Association","issue":"3","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Am J Public Health"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2008,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>During the American occupation of Japan (1945\u20131952), young public health officers from the US Army Medical Corps were posted in local US Army military government teams. These young doctors (aged 25 to 27 years), who had not absorbed the strong anti-Japanese tradition of the US military during World War II, seem to have alleviated the initial resentment felt by the Japanese toward the new governors of their homeland. The case of the Kyoto Military Government Team illustrates the Kyoto citizenry\u2019s positive view of some American-directed public health measures. The team\u2019s services helped to counter widely held negative views on colonialism, occupation, and public health; lessened resentment toward the unilateral command structure of the occupation forces; and contributed to improved relations between the United States and Japan at the local level.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.2105\/ajph.2006.088906","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2008,1,31]],"date-time":"2008-01-31T02:23:32Z","timestamp":1201746212000},"page":"424-434","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Promoting Health During the American Occupation of Japan The Public Health Section, Kyoto Military Government Team, 1945-1949"],"prefix":"10.2105","volume":"98","author":[{"given":"Sey","family":"Nishimura","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"844","reference":[{"key":"R7","unstructured":"Sams,Medic(1998), 35."},{"key":"R8","unstructured":"\u201cHensh\u00fb K\u00f4ki [Editor\u2019s note],\u201dS\u00f4g\u00f4 Igaku [General Medicine], February 15, 1946, 32."},{"key":"#cr-split#-R9.1","unstructured":"\"Hasshin chifusu to h\u00f4s\u00f4 [Murine typhus and small pox],\" Nihon Iji Shinp\u00f4 [The Japan Medical Journal], May 11, 1946, 7"},{"key":"#cr-split#-R9.2","unstructured":"Hensh\u00fb iinkai, K\u00f4seish\u00f4 Nij\u00fbnenshi [20-year history of the Ministry of Health and Welfare] (Tokyo: K\u00f4seish\u00f4, 1960), 94-95"},{"key":"#cr-split#-R9.3","unstructured":"K\u00f4seish\u00f4 k\u00f4sh\u00fb eiseikyoku, Ken'eki seido hyakunenshi [100-year history of the Quarantine System] (Tokyo: Gy\u00f4sei, 1980), 76-78."},{"key":"R14","unstructured":"\u201cNihon ishikai toshoshitsu k\u00f4kai [Opening of the Japan Medical Association Library],\u201dNihon Ishikai Zasshi [The Journal of the Japan Medical Association]9 (September 1, 1949), 660."},{"key":"R20","unstructured":"\u201cHadaka ni suru [Undress the personality],\u201dKyoto Shinbun [Kyoto Newspaper], March 19, 1948, 1."},{"key":"R23","unstructured":"Mitsuo Segi and Ichir\u00f4 Fukushima, \u201cSh\u00f4wa 23 nen no eisei j\u00f4tai [State of Hygiene in 1948],\u201dNihon Iji Shinp\u00f4 [The Japan Medical Journal]], July 2, 1949, 14."},{"key":"R27","unstructured":"\u201cSutoreputomaishin riy\u00f4 shi kekkaku chiry\u00f4 [Tuberculosis treatment using streptomycin],\u201dKyoto Shinbun [Kyoto Newspaper](February 15, 1949), 2."},{"key":"R28","unstructured":"Sams,Medic(1998), 113."},{"key":"R35","unstructured":"The cultural atmosphere can be evoked, with photographs, in Dower,Embracing Defeat, 125, 128, 148\u201358."},{"key":"R37","unstructured":"Ibid. The women passed the examination by going to the ambulatory venereal disease treatment the day before, or avoided it by deregistering themselves for the day or by claiming that they had husbands. \u201cPontoch\u00f4 jukensha 9 mei [In Pontoch\u00f4 district, 9 receive examination],\u201dKyoto Shinbun [Kyoto Newspaper](June 22, 1946), 2; Tokuji Kato, personal communication with author (October 10 and November 8, 2005)."},{"key":"R43","unstructured":"Sams,Medic(1998), 174."},{"key":"R45","unstructured":"Sams,Medic(1998), 176\u201377."},{"key":"R47","unstructured":"\u201cKyoto furitsu idai no yoron ch\u00f4sa [Opinion survey at Kyoto Prefectural Medical College],\u201dS\u00f4g\u00f4 Igaku [General Medicine], February 15, 1947, 33."},{"key":"#cr-split#-R51.1","unstructured":"\"Sekkyakufu no teiki kenshin wa haishi [Regular examination of service girls terminated],\"Kyoto Shinbun [Kyoto Newspaper] (June 19, 1948), 2"},{"key":"#cr-split#-R51.2","unstructured":"Supreme Commander for the Allied Powers\/Civil Affairs Section Records, Annex B-1 (May 31, 1948), 2 [restricted], National Diet Library, Tokyo, Japan."},{"key":"#cr-split#-R53.1","unstructured":"Susumu Nakano, \"Kyoto ni okeru nagare: sengo no minshuteki iry\u00f4 gur\u00fbpu [Current in Kyoto: postwar democratic group of medical professionals],\" Shakai to Iry\u00f4 [Society and Medical Care] 1 (1964), 4"},{"key":"#cr-split#-R53.2","unstructured":"Sey Nishimura, \"Minshu iry\u00f4 no yukue [Whereabouts of socialized health care],\" Mainichi Shinbun [Mainichi Daily], May 19, 2006, 23, Kyoto edition."},{"key":"#cr-split#-R54.1","unstructured":"\"Hokuriku chih\u00f4 ni \u00f4jishin [A great earthquake in Hokuriku area],\" Kyoto Shinbun [Kyoto Newspaper]], June 29, 1948, 1"},{"key":"#cr-split#-R54.2","unstructured":"\"Hokuriku shinsai no higai zetsudai [Stupendous casualties from Hokuriku earthquake],\" Kyoto Shinbun, June 30, 1948, 1."},{"key":"R58","unstructured":"\u201cJifuteria no yob\u00f4 ni ch\u00fbsha [Inoculation for preventing Diphtheria],\u201dKyoto Shinbun [Kyoto Newspaper](November 11, 1947), 2."},{"key":"R60","unstructured":"Sams,Medic(1998), 102."},{"key":"R61","unstructured":"\u201cImmunization Program Halted After 64 Die from Bad Toxoid,\u201dStars and Stripes, January 1, 1949, 2."},{"key":"R66","unstructured":"K\u00f4suke Hatta and Satoshi Nogami, \u201cKy\u00f4dai tokken Hansen by\u00f4 gairai hishi [Secret History of Ambulatory Treatment of Hansen\u2019s Disease at Special Dermatological Research Unit, Kyoto University Hospital],\u201dMainichi Shinbun [Mainichi Daily], November 18, 2005, 17; Nobuo Harada, personal communication with author (May 5, 2005)."},{"key":"R72","unstructured":"Philip E. Mohr,American Medical Directory, 19th edition (Chicago: American Medical Association, 1956), 1931."},{"key":"R77","unstructured":"James G. Devine to Commanding Officer, Kyoto Military Government Team, \u201cCommendable Actions of Lieutenant Glismann on 10 January 1948,\u201d January 21, 1948, in the author\u2019s possession; \u201cShinsetsu na Gurisman ch\u00fbi suk\u00ee yame chiry\u00f4 [Kind-hearted Lieutenant Glismann stopped skiing and gave care],\u201dMainichi Shinbun [Mainichi Daily]], January 13, 2."},{"key":"R79","unstructured":"\u201cKyoto ch\u00fb\u00f4 hokensho e [To Kyoto Central Health Center],\u201dKyoto Shinbun [Kyoto Newspaper]], July 29, 1948, 2."},{"key":"R80","unstructured":"John D. Glismann to Dr. and Mrs. Marvin B. Glismann, April 25, 1948, in the author\u2019s possession; Sey Nishimura, \u201cNihonjin no mesu ni mimi wo azukeru [Entrusting an Ear to the Japanese Scalpel],\u201dMainichi Shinbun [Mainichi Daily], June 16, 2006, 23, Kyoto edition."},{"key":"R81","unstructured":"Louis B. Fierman describes similar experiences inShrink, 35\u201349. He and Dr. Glismann were trained at Fort Sam Houston in the summer of 1947. Fierman recalls the colleagues Harold W. Harrower, MD (1st Lt, Kyushu Military Government Region), James E. Bondurant, MD (1st Lt, Nagasaki Military Government Team), or Robert C. Peterson, MD (Capt, Kumamoto Military Government Team), and states in his written communication of July 24, 2006: \u201cDr. Glismann\u2019s tenure in Kyoto was typical of services provided by other Public Health Officers in other prefectures. Also, the programs implemented by all the prefectural Public Health Officers were part of a country-wide public health program as directed by Dr. Sams in Tokyo. Dr. Glismann\u2019s successful collaboration with Japanese health providers was not isolated or atypical, but rather was reflective of the altruistic, dedicated, professional competence of the American doctors assigned to upgrade and modernize the health services of post-war Japan.\u201d He and his three military colleagues are listed together in \u201cRoster of Officers.\u201d See Supreme Commander for the Allied Powers\/Civil Affairs Section Records,Kyushu Military Government Region, April 12, 1948, 1\u20132, National Diet Library, Tokyo, Japan. Fierman is a graduate of Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, trained in internal medicine and psychiatry, and was on the clinical faculty of the Yale School of Medicine."},{"key":"R83","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Sams,Medic(1998), 188.","DOI":"10.7209\/tanso.1998.183_188"},{"key":"#cr-split#-R84.1","unstructured":"K\u00f4seish\u00f4 Yob\u00f4kyoku, \"Sh\u00f4wa 22-nen jink\u00f4 d\u00f4tai t\u00f4kei no s\u00f4katsu gaiy\u00f4 [Summary of 1947 vital statistics],\" Eisei T\u00f4kei [Health Statistics] (March 1948), 19"},{"key":"#cr-split#-R84.2","unstructured":"K\u00f4sei no Shihy\u00f4 Hensh\u00fbbu [Editorial Office of the Reference Indices of Health and Welfare], \"Sh\u00f4wa 27-nen no jink\u00f4 d\u00f4tai [1952 vital statistics],\" K\u00f4sei no Shihy\u00f4 [Reference Indices of Health and Welfare] (May 1953), 5-7."}],"container-title":["American Journal of Public Health"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/ajph.aphapublications.org\/doi\/pdf\/10.2105\/AJPH.2006.088906","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,16]],"date-time":"2023-05-16T05:28:17Z","timestamp":1684214897000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/ajph.aphapublications.org\/doi\/full\/10.2105\/AJPH.2006.088906"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2008,3]]},"references-count":33,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2008,3]]}},"alternative-id":["10.2105\/AJPH.2006.088906"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2105\/ajph.2006.088906","relation":{},"ISSN":["0090-0036","1541-0048"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0090-0036","type":"print"},{"value":"1541-0048","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2008,3]]}}}