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Our interviews with US obstetrician\u2013gynecologists working in Catholic-owned hospitals revealed that they are also restricted in managing miscarriages. <\/jats:p><jats:p> Catholic-owned hospital ethics committees denied approval of uterine evacuation while fetal heart tones were still present, forcing physicians to delay care or transport miscarrying patients to non\u2013Catholic-owned facilities. Some physicians intentionally violated protocol because they felt patient safety was compromised. <\/jats:p><jats:p> Although Catholic doctrine officially deems abortion permissible to preserve the life of the woman, Catholic-owned hospital ethics committees differ in their interpretation of how much health risk constitutes a threat to a woman's life and therefore how much risk must be present before they approve the intervention. <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.2105\/ajph.2007.126730","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2008,9,10]],"date-time":"2008-09-10T20:23:44Z","timestamp":1221078224000},"page":"1774-1778","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":61,"title":["When There's a Heartbeat: Miscarriage Management in Catholic-Owned Hospitals"],"prefix":"10.2105","volume":"98","author":[{"given":"Lori R.","family":"Freedman","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"The authors are with the Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Sciences and the Bixby Center for Reproductive Health Global, University of California, San Francisco."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Uta","family":"Landy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The authors are with the Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Sciences and the Bixby Center for Reproductive Health Global, University of California, San Francisco."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jody","family":"Steinauer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The authors are with the Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Sciences and the Bixby Center for Reproductive Health Global, University of California, San Francisco."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"844","reference":[{"key":"bib1","first-page":"B1","author":"Vitello P","year":"2006","journal-title":"New York Times"},{"key":"bib2","first-page":"140","volume":"16","author":"Sloboda M","year":"2001","journal-title":"Berkeley Womens Law J"},{"issue":"20","key":"bib3","first-page":"85","volume":"154","author":"Labi N","year":"1999","journal-title":"Time"},{"issue":"3","key":"bib4","first-page":"725","volume":"31","author":"Fogel SB","year":"2004","journal-title":"Fordham Urban Law J"},{"key":"bib6","unstructured":"Catholic Health Care in the United States. 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