{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,12]],"date-time":"2025-10-12T19:40:12Z","timestamp":1760298012710},"reference-count":51,"publisher":"American Public Health Association","issue":"8","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Am J Public Health"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2009,8]]},"abstract":"<jats:p> Objectives. We examined the roles of gender and poverty in cigarette use and nicotine dependence among adults in the United States. <\/jats:p><jats:p> Methods. Our data were drawn from the 2001\u20132002 National Epidemiological Survey of Alcoholism and Related Conditions, a nationally representative sample of US adults 18 years and older. <\/jats:p><jats:p> Results. The overall rate of cigarette use declined between 1964 and 2002. Nicotine dependence does not appear to have declined overall, and there is evidence that nicotine dependence has increased among women in recent cohorts. The odds of nicotine dependence among cigarette users appear to have increased significantly in recent cohorts. <\/jats:p><jats:p> Conclusions. Despite recent declines in cigarette use, the prevalence of nicotine dependence has increased among some groups and has remained steady overall, which may be hampering public health initiatives to reduce cigarette use. Efforts to study or curb cigarette use should therefore take nicotine dependence into account. <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.2105\/ajph.2007.127886","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2008,11,14]],"date-time":"2008-11-14T02:40:19Z","timestamp":1226630419000},"page":"1471-1477","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":27,"title":["Changes in Cigarette Use and Nicotine Dependence in the United States: Evidence From the 2001\u20132002 Wave of the National Epidemiologic Survey of Alcoholism and Related Conditions"],"prefix":"10.2105","volume":"99","author":[{"given":"Renee D.","family":"Goodwin","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"At the time of the study, Renee D. Goodwin, Katherine M. Keyes, and Deborah S. Hasin were with the Department of Epidemiology, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York, NY. Additionally, Deborah S. Hasin was with the Department of Psychiatry, College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, and with the New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, NY."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Katherine M.","family":"Keyes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"At the time of the study, Renee D. Goodwin, Katherine M. Keyes, and Deborah S. Hasin were with the Department of Epidemiology, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York, NY. Additionally, Deborah S. Hasin was with the Department of Psychiatry, College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, and with the New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, NY."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Deborah S.","family":"Hasin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"At the time of the study, Renee D. Goodwin, Katherine M. Keyes, and Deborah S. 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