{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,19]],"date-time":"2026-10-19T09:26:07Z","timestamp":1792401967118,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":49,"publisher":"American Public Health Association","issue":"3","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Am J Public Health"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2010,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:p> Objectives. We used data from a nationally representative sample to examine the associations among 3 dimensions of sexual orientation (identity, attraction, and behavior), lifetime and past-year mood and anxiety disorders, and sex. <\/jats:p><jats:p> Methods. We analyzed data from wave 2 of the National Epidemiologic Survey on Alcohol and Related Conditions. <\/jats:p><jats:p> Results. Mental health outcomes differed by sex, dimension of sexual orientation, and sexual minority group. Whereas a lesbian, gay, or bisexual identity was associated with higher odds of any mood or anxiety disorder for both men and women, women reporting only same-sex sexual partners in their lifetime had the lowest rates of most disorders. Higher odds of any lifetime mood or anxiety disorder were more consistent and pronounced among sexual minority men than among sexual minority women. Finally, bisexual behavior conferred the highest odds of any mood or anxiety disorder for both males and females. <\/jats:p><jats:p> Conclusions. Findings point to mental health disparities among some, but not all, sexual minority groups and emphasize the importance of including multiple measures of sexual orientation in population-based health studies. <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.2105\/ajph.2008.152942","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2009,8,21]],"date-time":"2009-08-21T02:11:38Z","timestamp":1250820698000},"page":"468-475","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":652,"title":["Dimensions of Sexual Orientation and the Prevalence of Mood and Anxiety Disorders in the United States"],"prefix":"10.2105","volume":"100","author":[{"given":"Wendy B.","family":"Bostwick","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"At the time of the study, Wendy B. Bostwick was with the Adler School of Professional Psychology, Chicago, IL. Carol J. Boyd is with the Institute for Research on Females and Sex, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor. Tonda L. Hughes is with the College of Nursing and the National Center of Excellence in Females's Health, University of Illinois, Chicago. Sean Esteban McCabe is with the Substance Abuse Research Center and the Institute for Research on Females and Sex, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Carol J.","family":"Boyd","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"At the time of the study, Wendy B. Bostwick was with the Adler School of Professional Psychology, Chicago, IL. Carol J. Boyd is with the Institute for Research on Females and Sex, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor. Tonda L. Hughes is with the College of Nursing and the National Center of Excellence in Females's Health, University of Illinois, Chicago. Sean Esteban McCabe is with the Substance Abuse Research Center and the Institute for Research on Females and Sex, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tonda L.","family":"Hughes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"At the time of the study, Wendy B. Bostwick was with the Adler School of Professional Psychology, Chicago, IL. Carol J. Boyd is with the Institute for Research on Females and Sex, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor. Tonda L. Hughes is with the College of Nursing and the National Center of Excellence in Females's Health, University of Illinois, Chicago. Sean Esteban McCabe is with the Substance Abuse Research Center and the Institute for Research on Females and Sex, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sean Esteban","family":"McCabe","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"At the time of the study, Wendy B. Bostwick was with the Adler School of Professional Psychology, Chicago, IL. Carol J. Boyd is with the Institute for Research on Females and Sex, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor. Tonda L. Hughes is with the College of Nursing and the National Center of Excellence in Females's Health, University of Illinois, Chicago. Sean Esteban McCabe is with the Substance Abuse Research Center and the Institute for Research on Females and Sex, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"844","reference":[{"key":"bib1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archpsyc.62.6.593"},{"key":"bib2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archpsyc.61.8.807"},{"key":"bib3","volume-title":"Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fourth Edition","year":"1994"},{"key":"bib4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archpsyc.64.10.1180"},{"key":"bib5","first-page":"143","volume-title":"Sexual Orientation and Mental Health","author":"Cochran SD","year":"2005"},{"key":"bib6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/0022-006X.71.1.53"},{"key":"bib7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2105\/AJPH.91.6.933"},{"key":"bib8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/0033-2909.129.5.674"},{"key":"bib9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/0003-066X.56.11.931"},{"key":"bib10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.clinpsy.3.022806.091510"},{"key":"bib11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.15288\/jsa.2005.66.620"},{"key":"bib12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1300\/J463v03n01_04"},{"key":"bib13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1300\/J155v07n01_05"},{"key":"bib14","volume-title":"The Social Organization of Sexuality: Sexual Practices in the United States","author":"Laumann EO","year":"1994"},{"key":"bib15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00001648-200101000-00018"},{"key":"bib16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2105\/AJPH.2007.127811"},{"key":"bib17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2105\/AJPH.91.6.876"},{"key":"bib18","volume-title":"Lesbian Health. 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