{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,9]],"date-time":"2025-11-09T07:35:11Z","timestamp":1762673711138,"version":"3.37.0"},"reference-count":32,"publisher":"American Public Health Association","issue":"S2","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Am J Public Health"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2009,10]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Objectives. We explored possible disparities in seasonal influenza treatment in Georgia's disabled Medicaid population. We sought to determine whether racial\/ethnic, geographic, or gender disparities existed in antiviral drugs usage in the treatment of influenza.<\/jats:p><jats:p>Methods. Medicaid claims were analyzed from 69 556 clients with disabilities enrolled in a Georgia Medicaid disease management program.<\/jats:p><jats:p>Results. There were 519 patients who met inclusion criteria (i.e., adults aged 18\u201364 years with an influenza diagnosis on a 2006 or 2007 Medicaid claim). Roughly one third (36.2%) of patients were classified as African American, 44.5% as White, and 19.3% as \u201cother.\u201d Most patients had 2 or more comorbid chronic diseases. Antivirals were used in only 14.5% of patients diagnosed with influenza. Treatment rates were nearly 3 times higher for White patients (19.5%) than for African American patients (6.9%).<\/jats:p><jats:p>Conclusions. Our analysis suggests limited use of antiviral treatment of influenza overall, as well as significant racial disparities in treatment. Additional studies are needed to further explore this finding and its implications for care of racial\/ethnic minority populations during seasonal influenza and for effective pandemic influenza planning for racial\/ethnic minority populations.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.2105\/ajph.2008.157602","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2009,5,22]],"date-time":"2009-05-22T02:00:56Z","timestamp":1242957656000},"page":"S378-S382","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":19,"title":["Disparities in Influenza Treatment Among Disabled Medicaid Patients in Georgia"],"prefix":"10.2105","volume":"99","author":[{"given":"Kyla","family":"Leon","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"At the time of the study, Kyla Leon was with the National Center for Primary Care, Morehouse School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA. Barbara Moore and George Rust are with the National Center for Primary Care, Morehouse School of Medicine, Atlanta. Marian McDonald is with the National Center for Preparedness, Detection, and Control of Infectious Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Marian C.","family":"McDonald","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"At the time of the study, Kyla Leon was with the National Center for Primary Care, Morehouse School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA. Barbara Moore and George Rust are with the National Center for Primary Care, Morehouse School of Medicine, Atlanta. Marian McDonald is with the National Center for Preparedness, Detection, and Control of Infectious Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Barbara","family":"Moore","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"At the time of the study, Kyla Leon was with the National Center for Primary Care, Morehouse School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA. Barbara Moore and George Rust are with the National Center for Primary Care, Morehouse School of Medicine, Atlanta. Marian McDonald is with the National Center for Preparedness, Detection, and Control of Infectious Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"George","family":"Rust","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"At the time of the study, Kyla Leon was with the National Center for Primary Care, Morehouse School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA. Barbara Moore and George Rust are with the National Center for Primary Care, Morehouse School of Medicine, Atlanta. Marian McDonald is with the National Center for Preparedness, Detection, and Control of Infectious Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"844","reference":[{"doi-asserted-by":"publisher","key":"bib1","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1750-2659.2006.00006.x"},{"issue":"8","key":"bib3","first-page":"1","volume":"54","author":"Harper SA","year":"2005","journal-title":"MMWR Recomm Rep"},{"author":"Campbell VA","journal-title":"Am J Public Health","key":"bib4"},{"unstructured":"US Department of Health and Human Services.Healthy People 2010. Vol. 1. Understanding and Improving Health and Objectives for Improving Health. 2nd ed. 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Westport, CT: Praeger; 2004.","key":"bib30","DOI":"10.5040\/9798216190585.ch-028"},{"unstructured":"Rosenbaum S. Racial and ethnic disparities in healthcare: issues in the design, structure, and administration of federal healthcare financing programs supported through direct public funding. In: Smedley BD, Stith AY, Nelson AR, eds.Unequal Treatment: Confronting Racial and Ethnic Disparities in Health Care. Committee on Understanding and Eliminating Racial and Ethnic Disparities in Health Care. Washington, DC: National Academies Press; 2002.","key":"bib32"},{"unstructured":"Cooper LA, Roter DL. Patient\u2013provider communication: the effect of race and ethnicity on process and outcomes of healthcare. In: Smedley BD, Stith AY, Nelson AR, eds.Unequal Treatment: Confronting Racial and Ethnic Disparities in Health Care. Committee on Understanding and Eliminating Racial and Ethnic Disparities in Health Care. 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Racial and ethnic disparities in healthcare: a background and history. In: Smedley BD, Stith AY, Nelson AR, eds.Unequal Treatment: Confronting Racial and Ethnic Disparities in Health Care. Committee on Understanding and Eliminating Racial and Ethnic Disparities in Health Care. 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