{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,19]],"date-time":"2026-10-19T11:16:09Z","timestamp":1792408569965,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":32,"publisher":"American Public Health Association","issue":"3","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Am J Public Health"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2011,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:p> Objectives. We estimated the relationship between mining and tuberculosis (TB) among countries in sub-Saharan Africa. <\/jats:p><jats:p> Methods. We used multivariate regression to estimate the contribution of mining activity to TB incidence, prevalence, and mortality, as well as rates of TB among people living with HIV, with control for economic, health system, and population confounders. <\/jats:p><jats:p> Results. Mining production was associated with higher population TB incidence rates (adjusted b = 0.093; 95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.067, 0.120; with an increase of mining production of 1 SD corresponding to about 33% higher TB incidence or 760 000 more incident cases), after adjustment for economic and population controls. Similar results were observed for TB prevalence and mortality, as well as with alternative measures of mining activity. Independent of HIV, there were significant associations between mining production and TB incidence in countries with high HIV prevalence (\u2265 4% antenatal HIV prevalence; HIV-adjusted B = 0.066; 95% CI = 0.050, 0.082) and between log gold mining production and TB incidence in all studied countries (HIV-adjusted B = 0.053; 95% CI = 0.032, 0.073). <\/jats:p><jats:p> Conclusions. Mining is a significant determinant of countrywide variation in TB among sub-Saharan African nations. Comprehensive TB control strategies should explicitly address the role of mining activity and environments in the epidemic. <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.2105\/ajph.2009.175646","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2010,6,2]],"date-time":"2010-06-02T01:41:33Z","timestamp":1275442893000},"page":"524-530","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":115,"title":["Mining and Risk of Tuberculosis in Sub-Saharan Africa"],"prefix":"10.2105","volume":"101","author":[{"given":"David","family":"Stuckler","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"David Stuckler is with the Department of Global Health and Population, Harvard University, Boston, MA, and the Department of Public Health and Policy, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, England. Sanjay Basu is with the Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, and the Division of General Internal Medicine, San Francisco General Hospital, San Francisco. Martin McKee is with the London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, and the European Observatory..."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sanjay","family":"Basu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"David Stuckler is with the Department of Global Health and Population, Harvard University, Boston, MA, and the Department of Public Health and Policy, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, England. Sanjay Basu is with the Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, and the Division of General Internal Medicine, San Francisco General Hospital, San Francisco. Martin McKee is with the London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, and the European Observatory..."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Martin","family":"McKee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"David Stuckler is with the Department of Global Health and Population, Harvard University, Boston, MA, and the Department of Public Health and Policy, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, England. Sanjay Basu is with the Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, and the Division of General Internal Medicine, San Francisco General Hospital, San Francisco. Martin McKee is with the London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, and the European Observatory..."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mark","family":"Lurie","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"David Stuckler is with the Department of Global Health and Population, Harvard University, Boston, MA, and the Department of Public Health and Policy, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, England. Sanjay Basu is with the Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, and the Division of General Internal Medicine, San Francisco General Hospital, San Francisco. Martin McKee is with the London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, and the European Observatory..."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"844","reference":[{"key":"bib1","volume-title":"Global Tuberculosis Control\u2014Epidemiology, Strategy, Financing","year":"2009"},{"key":"bib3","volume-title":"Global Tuberculosis Control\u2014Surveillance, Planning, Financing","year":"2008"},{"key":"bib4","volume-title":"White Plague, Black Labor: Tuberculosis and the Political Economy of Health and Disease in South Africa","author":"Packard R","year":"1987"},{"issue":"5","key":"bib5","first-page":"474","volume":"11","author":"Rees D","year":"2007","journal-title":"Int J Tuberc Lung Dis"},{"key":"bib6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1086\/426827"},{"key":"bib7","volume-title":"Tuberculosis Strategic Plan for South Africa, 2007\u20132011","year":"2007"},{"key":"bib8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1744-8603-5-11"},{"key":"bib9","volume-title":"The Mining Sector, Tuberculosis and Migrant Labour in Southern Africa","year":"2008"},{"key":"bib10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00002030-200310170-00013"},{"key":"bib11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/03768350500253153"},{"key":"bib12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00007435-200302000-00011"},{"key":"bib13","volume-title":"2008 World Factbook","year":"2008"},{"key":"bib14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/oem.55.7.496"},{"issue":"8","key":"bib15","first-page":"705","volume":"4","author":"Churchyard G","year":"2000","journal-title":"Int J Tuberc Lung Dis"},{"key":"bib16","volume-title":"Commission of Enquiry Into Safety and Health in the Mining Industry","author":"Leon R","year":"1995"},{"key":"bib17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1467-9663.2007.00413.x"},{"key":"bib18","volume-title":"South Africa's Labor Empire: A History of Black Migrancy to the Gold Mines","author":"Crush J","year":"1991"},{"key":"bib19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0277-9536(96)00343-7"},{"key":"bib20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM199902043400507"},{"issue":"2","key":"bib22","first-page":"168","volume":"2","author":"Sonnenberg P","year":"1998","journal-title":"Int J Tuberc Lung Dis"},{"key":"bib23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(01)06712-5"},{"issue":"11","key":"bib24","first-page":"1517","volume":"87","author":"Mqoqi N","year":"1997","journal-title":"S Afr Med J"},{"issue":"4","key":"bib25","first-page":"381","volume":"90","author":"Murray J","year":"2000","journal-title":"S Afr Med J"},{"key":"bib26","first-page":"45","volume-title":"HIV\/AIDS Management in South Africa: Priorities for the Mining Industry","author":"Fourie I","year":"1999"},{"key":"bib27","volume-title":"Report to Society 2003","author":"AngloGold Ashanti","year":"2003"},{"key":"bib28","volume-title":"Tuberculosis at Autopsy in Black Mine Workers","author":"Lowe R","year":"1994"},{"key":"bib29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/sti.2004.010199"},{"key":"bib30","volume-title":"HIV\/AIDS Surveillance Database","year":"2010"},{"key":"bib31","volume-title":"World Development Indicators 2008 Edition","year":"2008"},{"key":"bib35","first-page":"95","volume-title":"Occupational Lung Disease: An International Perspective","author":"Williams B","year":"1998"},{"key":"bib36","first-page":"265","volume-title":"Handbook of Health Economics.","author":"Jones A","year":"2000"},{"key":"bib37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0801200105"}],"container-title":["American Journal of Public Health"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/ajph.aphapublications.org\/doi\/pdf\/10.2105\/AJPH.2009.175646","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2022,5,9]],"date-time":"2022-05-09T20:19:02Z","timestamp":1652127542000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/ajph.aphapublications.org\/doi\/full\/10.2105\/AJPH.2009.175646"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2011,3]]},"references-count":32,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2011,3]]}},"alternative-id":["10.2105\/AJPH.2009.175646"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2105\/ajph.2009.175646","relation":{},"ISSN":["0090-0036","1541-0048"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0090-0036","type":"print"},{"value":"1541-0048","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2011,3]]}}}