{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,29]],"date-time":"2025-09-29T00:13:14Z","timestamp":1759104794976},"reference-count":24,"publisher":"American Public Health Association","issue":"1","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Am J Public Health"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2012,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:p> The recent anthrax outbreak among injecting drug users (IDUs) in Europe has highlighted an ongoing problem with severe illness resulting from spore-forming bacteria in IDUs. We collated the numbers of cases of 4 bacterial illnesses (botulism, tetanus, Clostridium novyi, and anthrax) in European IDUs for 2000 to 2009 and calculated population rates. Six countries reported 367 cases; rates varied from 0.03 to 7.54 per million people. Most cases (92%) were reported from 3 neighboring countries: Ireland, Norway, and the United Kingdom. This geographic variation needs investigation. <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.2105\/ajph.2011.300314","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2011,11,18]],"date-time":"2011-11-18T06:17:45Z","timestamp":1321597065000},"page":"122-125","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":17,"title":["A Decade of Spore-Forming Bacterial Infections Among European Injecting Drug Users: Pronounced Regional Variation"],"prefix":"10.2105","volume":"102","author":[{"given":"Vivian D.","family":"Hope","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Vivian D. Hope, Andrea Marongiu, Joanne White, and Fortune Ncube are with Health Protection Services, Health Protection Agency, London, UK. Norah Palmateer and David Goldberg are with Health Protection Scotland, Glasgow, UK. Lucas Wiessing is with the European Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Drug Addiction, Lisbon, Portugal."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Norah","family":"Palmateer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Vivian D. Hope, Andrea Marongiu, Joanne White, and Fortune Ncube are with Health Protection Services, Health Protection Agency, London, UK. Norah Palmateer and David Goldberg are with Health Protection Scotland, Glasgow, UK. Lucas Wiessing is with the European Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Drug Addiction, Lisbon, Portugal."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Lucas","family":"Wiessing","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Vivian D. Hope, Andrea Marongiu, Joanne White, and Fortune Ncube are with Health Protection Services, Health Protection Agency, London, UK. Norah Palmateer and David Goldberg are with Health Protection Scotland, Glasgow, UK. 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