{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,26]],"date-time":"2026-03-26T17:22:31Z","timestamp":1774545751200,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":53,"publisher":"American Public Health Association","issue":"10","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Am J Public Health"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2013,10]]},"abstract":"<jats:p> Objectives. We estimated the risk of HIV associated with sexually transmitted infection (STI) history during adolescence. <\/jats:p><jats:p> Methods. We retrospectively studied a cohort of adolescents (n\u2009=\u200975\u2009273, born in 1985\u20131993) who participated in the Philadelphia High School STD Screening Program between 2003 and 2010. We matched the cohort to STI and HIV surveillance data sets and death certificates and performed Poisson regression to estimate the association between adolescent STI exposures and subsequent HIV diagnosis. <\/jats:p><jats:p> Results. Compared with individuals reporting no STIs during adolescence, adolescents with STIs had an increased risk for subsequent HIV infection (incidence rate ratio [IRR] for adolescent girls\u2009=\u20092.6; 95% confidence interval [CI]\u2009=\u20091.5, 4.7; IRR for adolescent boys\u2009=\u20092.3; 95% CI\u2009=\u20091.7, 3.1). Risk increased with number of STIs. The risk of subsequent HIV infection was more than 3 times as high among those with multiple gonococcal infections during adolescence as among those with none. <\/jats:p><jats:p> Conclusions. Effective interventions that reduce adolescent STIs are needed to avert future STI and HIV acquisition. Focusing on adolescents with gonococcal infections or multiple STIs might have the greatest impact on future HIV risk. <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.2105\/ajph.2013.301463","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2013,8,16]],"date-time":"2013-08-16T03:27:36Z","timestamp":1376623656000},"page":"1874-1881","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":41,"title":["Adolescent Sexually Transmitted Infections and Risk for Subsequent HIV"],"prefix":"10.2105","volume":"103","author":[{"given":"E. Claire","family":"Newbern","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"The authors are with the Philadelphia Department of Public Health, Philadelphia, PA. At the time of the study, Melinda E. Salmon and Andrew De Los Reyes were also with Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Greta L.","family":"Anschuetz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The authors are with the Philadelphia Department of Public Health, Philadelphia, PA. At the time of the study, Melinda E. Salmon and Andrew De Los Reyes were also with Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Michael G.","family":"Eberhart","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The authors are with the Philadelphia Department of Public Health, Philadelphia, PA. At the time of the study, Melinda E. Salmon and Andrew De Los Reyes were also with Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Melinda E.","family":"Salmon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The authors are with the Philadelphia Department of Public Health, Philadelphia, PA. At the time of the study, Melinda E. Salmon and Andrew De Los Reyes were also with Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Kathleen A.","family":"Brady","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The authors are with the Philadelphia Department of Public Health, Philadelphia, PA. At the time of the study, Melinda E. Salmon and Andrew De Los Reyes were also with Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Andrew","family":"De Los Reyes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The authors are with the Philadelphia Department of Public Health, Philadelphia, PA. At the time of the study, Melinda E. Salmon and Andrew De Los Reyes were also with Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jane M.","family":"Baker","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The authors are with the Philadelphia Department of Public Health, Philadelphia, PA. At the time of the study, Melinda E. Salmon and Andrew De Los Reyes were also with Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Lenore E.","family":"Asbel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The authors are with the Philadelphia Department of Public Health, Philadelphia, PA. At the time of the study, Melinda E. Salmon and Andrew De Los Reyes were also with Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Caroline C.","family":"Johnson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The authors are with the Philadelphia Department of Public Health, Philadelphia, PA. At the time of the study, Melinda E. Salmon and Andrew De Los Reyes were also with Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Donald F.","family":"Schwarz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The authors are with the Philadelphia Department of Public Health, Philadelphia, PA. At the time of the study, Melinda E. Salmon and Andrew De Los Reyes were also with Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"844","reference":[{"key":"bib1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amepre.2010.12.010"},{"key":"bib2","volume-title":"Sexually Transmitted Disease Surveillance 2010","author":"Centers for Disease Control and Prevention","year":"2011"},{"key":"bib3","volume-title":"HIV Surveillance Report, 2009","volume":"21","author":"Centers for Disease Control and Prevention","year":"2011"},{"key":"bib4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00007435-200110000-00005"},{"key":"bib5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/sti.75.1.3"},{"issue":"6","key":"bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1647","DOI":"10.1016\/S0025-7125(16)30500-4","volume":"74","author":"Moss GB","year":"1990","journal-title":"Med Clin North Am"},{"key":"bib7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00002030-199001000-00008"},{"key":"bib8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00007435-199219020-00001"},{"key":"bib9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM200003303421303"},{"key":"bib10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00002030-199902250-00004"},{"key":"bib11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(97)02190-9"},{"key":"bib12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1086\/513820"},{"key":"bib13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/01.olq.0000137898.17919.35"},{"key":"bib14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archpedi.159.7.657"},{"key":"bib15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10865-009-9205-8"},{"key":"bib16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/aje\/kwr035"},{"key":"bib17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00007435-199701000-00009"},{"issue":"10","key":"bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"660","DOI":"10.1097\/OLQ.0b013e3181e1a77a","volume":"37","author":"Katz KA","year":"2010","journal-title":"Sex Transm Dis"},{"key":"bib19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/OLQ.0b013e31818eb90e"},{"key":"bib20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00007435-199905000-00004"},{"key":"bib21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1086\/425277"},{"key":"bib22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00007435-200004000-00006"},{"key":"bib23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2105\/AJPH.2005.063248"},{"key":"bib24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/OLQ.0b013e318170588c"},{"key":"bib25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/sti.2009.040873"},{"key":"bib26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2105\/AJPH.90.2.230"},{"key":"bib27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/OLQ.0b013e31818d3cad"},{"key":"bib28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/sti.79.1.62"},{"key":"bib29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0033-3506(01)00484-X"},{"key":"bib30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1086\/425284"},{"key":"bib31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/01.olq.0000175395.95911.85"},{"issue":"6","key":"bib32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"319","DOI":"10.1097\/01.olq.0000240342.12960.73","volume":"34","author":"Crepaz N","year":"2007","journal-title":"Sex Transm Dis"},{"key":"bib33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2105\/AJPH.2008.152546"},{"key":"bib34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00042560-200207011-00009"},{"key":"bib35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2105\/AJPH.2004.054759"},{"key":"bib36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/QAI.0b013e318195bd2b"},{"key":"bib37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(95)91380-7"},{"key":"bib38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(03)12598-6"},{"key":"bib39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00002030-200211080-00014"},{"key":"bib40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(98)06439-3"},{"key":"bib41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/OLQ.0b013e3181860108"},{"key":"bib42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/01.olq.0000216010.43296.42"},{"key":"bib44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00002030-199403000-00009"},{"key":"bib45","volume-title":"HIV Prevention Through Early Detection and Treatment of Other Sexually Transmitted Diseases\u2014United States","author":"Centers for Disease Control and Prevention","year":"1998"},{"key":"bib46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/jwh.2006.15.116"},{"issue":"11","key":"bib47","first-page":"1105","volume":"5","author":"Fife D","year":"1992","journal-title":"J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr"},{"key":"bib48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00002030-199508000-00015"},{"key":"bib49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/QAI.0b013e318165dc0b"},{"key":"bib50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/QAI.0b013e3181c3ef29"},{"key":"bib51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2334-3-6"},{"key":"bib52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4103\/0255-0857.13871"},{"key":"bib53","volume-title":"HIV Infection in the United States Household Population Aged 18\u201349 Years: Results From 1999\u20132006","author":"McQuillan GMK-MD","year":"2008"},{"issue":"47","key":"bib54","first-page":"962","volume":"61","author":"Centers for Disease Control and Prevention","year":"2012","journal-title":"MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep"}],"container-title":["American Journal of Public Health"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/ajph.aphapublications.org\/doi\/pdf\/10.2105\/AJPH.2013.301463","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2022,5,9]],"date-time":"2022-05-09T23:49:14Z","timestamp":1652140154000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/ajph.aphapublications.org\/doi\/full\/10.2105\/AJPH.2013.301463"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2013,10]]},"references-count":53,"journal-issue":{"issue":"10","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2013,10]]}},"alternative-id":["10.2105\/AJPH.2013.301463"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2105\/ajph.2013.301463","relation":{},"ISSN":["0090-0036","1541-0048"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0090-0036","type":"print"},{"value":"1541-0048","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2013,10]]}}}