{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,1]],"date-time":"2026-04-01T08:11:16Z","timestamp":1775031076291,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":42,"publisher":"American Public Health Association","issue":"S3","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Am J Public Health"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2014,6]]},"abstract":"<jats:p> Objectives. We used race-corrected data and comprehensive diagnostic codes to better compare HIV and tuberculosis (TB) mortality from 1999 to 2009 between American Indian\/Alaska Natives (AI\/ANs) and Whites. <\/jats:p><jats:p> Methods. National Vital Statistics Surveillance System mortality data were adjusted for AI\/AN racial misclassification through linkage with Indian Health Service registration records. We compared average annual 1990 to 2009 HIV and TB death rates (per 100\u2009000 people) for AI\/AN persons with those for Whites; Hispanics were excluded. <\/jats:p><jats:p> Results. Although death rates from HIV in AI\/AN persons were significantly lower than those in Whites from 1990 to 1998 (4.2 vs 7.0), they were significantly higher than those in Whites from 1999 to 2009 (3.6 vs 2.0). Death rates from TB in AI\/AN persons were significantly higher than those in Whites, with a significant disparity during both 1990 to 1998 (3.3 vs 0.3) and 1999 to 2009 (1.5 vs 0.1). <\/jats:p><jats:p> Conclusions. The decrease in death rates from HIV and TB was greater among Whites, and death rates remained significantly higher among AI\/AN individuals. Public health interventions need to be prioritized to reduce the TB and HIV burden and mortality in AI\/AN populations. <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.2105\/ajph.2013.301746","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2014,4,22]],"date-time":"2014-04-22T20:02:21Z","timestamp":1398196941000},"page":"S453-S459","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":14,"title":["Death Rates From Human Immunodeficiency Virus and Tuberculosis Among American Indians\/Alaska Natives in the United States, 1990\u20132009"],"prefix":"10.2105","volume":"104","author":[{"given":"Brigg","family":"Reilley","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Brigg Reilley, Jonathan Iralu, and Lisa Neel are with the Indian Health Service, Albuquerque, NM. Emily Bloss and Kathy K. Byrd are with the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA. James Cheek is with Department of Family and Community Medicine, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Emily","family":"Bloss","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Brigg Reilley, Jonathan Iralu, and Lisa Neel are with the Indian Health Service, Albuquerque, NM. Emily Bloss and Kathy K. Byrd are with the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA. James Cheek is with Department of Family and Community Medicine, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Kathy K.","family":"Byrd","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Brigg Reilley, Jonathan Iralu, and Lisa Neel are with the Indian Health Service, Albuquerque, NM. Emily Bloss and Kathy K. Byrd are with the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA. James Cheek is with Department of Family and Community Medicine, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jonathan","family":"Iralu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Brigg Reilley, Jonathan Iralu, and Lisa Neel are with the Indian Health Service, Albuquerque, NM. Emily Bloss and Kathy K. Byrd are with the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA. James Cheek is with Department of Family and Community Medicine, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Lisa","family":"Neel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Brigg Reilley, Jonathan Iralu, and Lisa Neel are with the Indian Health Service, Albuquerque, NM. Emily Bloss and Kathy K. Byrd are with the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA. James Cheek is with Department of Family and Community Medicine, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"James","family":"Cheek","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Brigg Reilley, Jonathan Iralu, and Lisa Neel are with the Indian Health Service, Albuquerque, NM. Emily Bloss and Kathy K. Byrd are with the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA. James Cheek is with Department of Family and Community Medicine, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"844","reference":[{"key":"bib1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1596\/978-0-8213-6262-4"},{"issue":"4","key":"bib4","first-page":"460","volume":"10","author":"Dye C","year":"2006","journal-title":"Int J Tuberc Lung Dis"},{"issue":"2","key":"bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"90","DOI":"10.1007\/BF03404154","volume":"102","author":"Martin LJ","year":"2011","journal-title":"Can J Public Health"},{"key":"bib9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5588\/ijtld.10.0259"},{"key":"bib12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/cncr.20876"},{"key":"bib13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/01.CIR.0000157735.25005.3F"},{"key":"bib15","volume-title":"International Classification of Diseases, 10th Revision","year":"1990"},{"key":"bib16","volume-title":"International Classification of Diseases, Ninth Revision","year":"1980"},{"key":"bib17","first-page":"1","volume":"148","author":"Arias E","year":"2008","journal-title":"Vital Health Stat 2"},{"key":"bib19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2105\/AJPH.2013.301716"},{"key":"bib20","volume-title":"Population Projections of the United States by Age, Sex, Race, and Hispanic Origin: 1995 to 2050. US Bureau of the Census, Current Population Reports, P25-1130","author":"Day JC","year":"1996"},{"issue":"3","key":"bib21","first-page":"403","volume":"9","author":"Denny CH","year":"1999","journal-title":"Ethn Dis"},{"key":"bib22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/cncr.23734"},{"key":"bib25","author":"Edwards BK","year":"2013","journal-title":"Cancer"},{"key":"bib27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0962280206070621"},{"key":"bib28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(08)61113-7"},{"key":"bib29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/QAD.0b013e3283324283"},{"key":"bib30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa0807252"},{"key":"bib31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0749-0690(02)00057-5"},{"key":"bib32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0025-7125(16)30198-5"},{"key":"bib33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1532-5415.2011.03369.x"},{"key":"bib34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/003335491112600510"},{"key":"bib35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0032-1333469"},{"issue":"3","key":"bib36","first-page":"225","volume":"5","author":"Badri M","year":"2001","journal-title":"Int J Tuberc Lung Dis"},{"key":"bib38","first-page":"4","author":"Sprinson J","year":"2008","journal-title":"TB Notes Newsletter"},{"key":"bib39","first-page":"1","volume":"32","author":"Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, National Center for Health Statistics","year":"2001","journal-title":"Vital Health Stat 3"},{"key":"bib40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/jwh.2006.15.116"},{"key":"bib42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/09540120500481480"},{"key":"bib43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2105\/AJPH.94.1.53"},{"key":"bib44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2105\/AJPH.94.10.1695"},{"key":"bib45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/00333549101250S408"},{"key":"bib46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/09540120412331291733"},{"key":"bib47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/02791072.2005.10400516"},{"key":"bib48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1521\/aeap.16.3.218.35442"},{"key":"bib49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/1355785052000323038"},{"key":"bib50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amjmed.2006.02.030"},{"issue":"1","key":"bib51","first-page":"19","volume":"168","author":"Craib KJ","year":"2003","journal-title":"CMAJ"},{"key":"bib52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/02791072.2005.10400515"},{"key":"bib53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.1996.03530270029027"},{"key":"bib54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.281.1.61"},{"key":"bib55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2105\/AJPH.2014.301933"},{"key":"bib58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/(SICI)1097-0142(20000301)88:5+<1207::AID-CNCR5>3.0.CO;2-T"}],"container-title":["American Journal of Public Health"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/ajph.aphapublications.org\/doi\/pdf\/10.2105\/AJPH.2013.301746","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2022,5,10]],"date-time":"2022-05-10T00:43:00Z","timestamp":1652143380000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/ajph.aphapublications.org\/doi\/full\/10.2105\/AJPH.2013.301746"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2014,6]]},"references-count":42,"journal-issue":{"issue":"S3","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2014,6]]}},"alternative-id":["10.2105\/AJPH.2013.301746"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2105\/ajph.2013.301746","relation":{},"ISSN":["0090-0036","1541-0048"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0090-0036","type":"print"},{"value":"1541-0048","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2014,6]]}}}