{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,11]],"date-time":"2026-07-11T06:32:22Z","timestamp":1783751542987,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":63,"publisher":"American Public Health Association","issue":"8","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Am J Public Health"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2014,8]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Objectives. We examined the density and proximity of tobacco retailers and associations with smoking behavior and mental health in a diverse sample of 1061 smokers with serious mental illness (SMI) residing in the San Francisco Bay Area of California.<\/jats:p><jats:p>Methods. Participants\u2019 addresses were geocoded and linked with retailer licensing data to determine the distance between participants\u2019 residence and the nearest retailer (proximity) and the number of retailers within 500-meter and 1-kilometer service areas (density).<\/jats:p><jats:p>Results. More than half of the sample lived within 250 meters of a tobacco retailer. A median of 3 retailers were within 500 meters of participants\u2019 residences, and a median of 12 were within 1 kilometer. Among smokers with SMI, tobacco retailer densities were 2-fold greater than for the general population and were associated with poorer mental health, greater nicotine dependence, and lower self-efficacy for quitting.<\/jats:p><jats:p>Conclusions. Our findings provide further evidence of the tobacco retail environment as a potential vector contributing to tobacco-related disparities among individuals with SMI and suggest that this group may benefit from progressive environmental protections that restrict tobacco retail licenses and reduce aggressive point-of-sale marketing.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.2105\/ajph.2014.301917","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2014,6,12]],"date-time":"2014-06-12T20:17:23Z","timestamp":1402604243000},"page":"1454-1463","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":35,"title":["Tobacco Retailer Proximity and Density and Nicotine Dependence Among Smokers With Serious Mental Illness"],"prefix":"10.2105","volume":"104","author":[{"given":"Kelly C.","family":"Young-Wolff","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Kelly C. Young-Wolff, Lisa Henriksen, and Judith J. Prochaska are with the Stanford Prevention Research Center, Department of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA. 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