{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,24]],"date-time":"2026-10-24T00:02:25Z","timestamp":1792800145731,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":55,"publisher":"American Public Health Association","issue":"10","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Am J Public Health"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2015,10]]},"abstract":"<jats:p> Objectives. We explored the contribution of missed primary HIV care visits (\u201cno-show\u201d) to observed disparities in virological failure (VF) among Black persons and persons with injection drug use (IDU) history. <\/jats:p><jats:p> Methods. We used patient-level data from 6 academic clinics, before the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention and Health Resources and Services Administration Retention in Care intervention. We employed staged multivariable logistic regression and multivariable models stratified by no-show visit frequency to evaluate the association of sociodemographic factors with VF. We used multiple imputations to assign missing viral load values. <\/jats:p><jats:p> Results. Among 10\u2009053 patients (mean age\u2009=\u200946 years; 35% female; 64% Black; 15% with IDU history), 31% experienced VF. Although Black patients and patients with IDU history were significantly more likely to experience VF in initial analyses, race and IDU parameter estimates were attenuated after sequential addition of no-show frequency. In stratified models, race and IDU were not statistically significantly associated with VF at any no-show level. <\/jats:p><jats:p> Conclusions. Because missed clinic visits contributed to observed differences in viral load outcomes among Black and IDU patients, achieving an improved understanding of differential visit attendance is imperative to reducing disparities in HIV. <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.2105\/ajph.2015.302695","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2015,8,13]],"date-time":"2015-08-13T19:54:55Z","timestamp":1439495695000},"page":"2068-2075","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":59,"title":["The Contribution of Missed Clinic Visits to Disparities in HIV Viral Load Outcomes"],"prefix":"10.2105","volume":"105","author":[{"given":"Anne","family":"Zinski","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Anne Zinski, Andrew O. Westfall, D. Scott Batey, and Michael J. Mugavero are with the Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, University of Alabama at Birmingham. Lytt I. Gardner is with the Division of HIV\/AIDS Prevention, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA. Thomas P. Giordano is with the Department of Medicine, Section of Infectious Diseases, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX. Tracey E. Wilson is with the Department of Community Health Sciences, State..."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Andrew O.","family":"Westfall","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Anne Zinski, Andrew O. Westfall, D. Scott Batey, and Michael J. Mugavero are with the Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, University of Alabama at Birmingham. Lytt I. Gardner is with the Division of HIV\/AIDS Prevention, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA. Thomas P. Giordano is with the Department of Medicine, Section of Infectious Diseases, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX. Tracey E. Wilson is with the Department of Community Health Sciences, State..."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lytt I.","family":"Gardner","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Anne Zinski, Andrew O. Westfall, D. Scott Batey, and Michael J. Mugavero are with the Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, University of Alabama at Birmingham. Lytt I. Gardner is with the Division of HIV\/AIDS Prevention, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA. Thomas P. Giordano is with the Department of Medicine, Section of Infectious Diseases, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX. Tracey E. Wilson is with the Department of Community Health Sciences, State..."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Thomas P.","family":"Giordano","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Anne Zinski, Andrew O. Westfall, D. Scott Batey, and Michael J. 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