{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,29]],"date-time":"2026-10-29T03:57:55Z","timestamp":1793246275302,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":7,"publisher":"American Public Health Association","issue":"4","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Am J Public Health"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2016,4]]},"abstract":"<jats:p> Objectives. To provide an initial description of the congenital syndrome presumably associated with infection by Zika virus compared with other syndromes including congenital infections of established etiologies. <\/jats:p><jats:p> Methods. We provide an overview of a published case series of 35 cases, a clinical series of 104 cases, and published and unpublished reports of clinical and laboratory findings describing cases diagnosed since the beginning of the epidemic of microcephaly in Brazil. <\/jats:p><jats:p> Results. About 60% to 70% of mothers report rash during pregnancy; mainly in the first trimester. Principal features are microcephaly, facial disproportionality, cutis girata, hypertonia\/spasticity, hyperreflexia, and irritability; abnormal neuroimages include calcifications, ventriculomegaly, and lissencephaly. Hearing and visual abnormalities may be present. <\/jats:p><jats:p> Conclusions. Preliminary data suggest that severe congenital abnormalities are linked to Zika virus infection. Cases have severe abnormalities, and although sharing many characteristics with congenital abnormalities associated with other viral infections, abnormalities presumably linked to the Zika virus may have distinguishing characteristics. These severe neurologic abnormalities may result in marked mental retardation and motor disabilities for many surviving offspring. <\/jats:p><jats:p> Policy Implications. Affected nations need to prepare to provide complex and costly multidisciplinary care that children diagnosed with this new congenital syndrome will require. <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.2105\/ajph.2016.303115","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,3,9]],"date-time":"2016-03-09T21:03:46Z","timestamp":1457557426000},"page":"598-600","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":248,"title":["Initial Description of the Presumed Congenital Zika Syndrome"],"prefix":"10.2105","volume":"106","author":[{"given":"Dem\u00f3crito de Barros","family":"Miranda-Filho","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Dem\u00f3crito de Barros Miranda-Filho, Ricardo Arraes de Alencar Ximenes, Maria Angela Wanderley Rocha, and Regina Coeli Ferreira Ramos are with the University of Pernambuco, Recife, Brazil. Celina Maria Turchi Martelli, Rafael Dhalia, Rafael Freitas de Oliveira Fran\u00e7a, and Ernesto T.\u2009A. Marques J\u00fanior are with The Research Center Aggeu Magalh\u00e3es (CPqAM)\/Oswaldo Cruz Foundation (Fiocruz), Recife. Thalia Velho Barreto Ara\u00fajo and Ricardo Arraes de Alencar Ximenes are with the Federal University of Pernambuco,..."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Celina Maria Turchi","family":"Martelli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Dem\u00f3crito de Barros Miranda-Filho, Ricardo Arraes de Alencar Ximenes, Maria Angela Wanderley Rocha, and Regina Coeli Ferreira Ramos are with the University of Pernambuco, Recife, Brazil. Celina Maria Turchi Martelli, Rafael Dhalia, Rafael Freitas de Oliveira Fran\u00e7a, and Ernesto T.\u2009A. Marques J\u00fanior are with The Research Center Aggeu Magalh\u00e3es (CPqAM)\/Oswaldo Cruz Foundation (Fiocruz), Recife. Thalia Velho Barreto Ara\u00fajo and Ricardo Arraes de Alencar Ximenes are with the Federal University of Pernambuco,..."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ricardo Arraes de Alencar","family":"Ximenes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Dem\u00f3crito de Barros Miranda-Filho, Ricardo Arraes de Alencar Ximenes, Maria Angela Wanderley Rocha, and Regina Coeli Ferreira Ramos are with the University of Pernambuco, Recife, Brazil. Celina Maria Turchi Martelli, Rafael Dhalia, Rafael Freitas de Oliveira Fran\u00e7a, and Ernesto T.\u2009A. Marques J\u00fanior are with The Research Center Aggeu Magalh\u00e3es (CPqAM)\/Oswaldo Cruz Foundation (Fiocruz), Recife. Thalia Velho Barreto Ara\u00fajo and Ricardo Arraes de Alencar Ximenes are with the Federal University of Pernambuco,..."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Thalia Velho Barreto","family":"Ara\u00fajo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Dem\u00f3crito de Barros Miranda-Filho, Ricardo Arraes de Alencar Ximenes, Maria Angela Wanderley Rocha, and Regina Coeli Ferreira Ramos are with the University of Pernambuco, Recife, Brazil. Celina Maria Turchi Martelli, Rafael Dhalia, Rafael Freitas de Oliveira Fran\u00e7a, and Ernesto T.\u2009A. Marques J\u00fanior are with The Research Center Aggeu Magalh\u00e3es (CPqAM)\/Oswaldo Cruz Foundation (Fiocruz), Recife. Thalia Velho Barreto Ara\u00fajo and Ricardo Arraes de Alencar Ximenes are with the Federal University of Pernambuco,..."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Maria Angela Wanderley","family":"Rocha","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Dem\u00f3crito de Barros Miranda-Filho, Ricardo Arraes de Alencar Ximenes, Maria Angela Wanderley Rocha, and Regina Coeli Ferreira Ramos are with the University of Pernambuco, Recife, Brazil. Celina Maria Turchi Martelli, Rafael Dhalia, Rafael Freitas de Oliveira Fran\u00e7a, and Ernesto T.\u2009A. Marques J\u00fanior are with The Research Center Aggeu Magalh\u00e3es (CPqAM)\/Oswaldo Cruz Foundation (Fiocruz), Recife. Thalia Velho Barreto Ara\u00fajo and Ricardo Arraes de Alencar Ximenes are with the Federal University of Pernambuco,..."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Regina Coeli Ferreira","family":"Ramos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Dem\u00f3crito de Barros Miranda-Filho, Ricardo Arraes de Alencar Ximenes, Maria Angela Wanderley Rocha, and Regina Coeli Ferreira Ramos are with the University of Pernambuco, Recife, Brazil. Celina Maria Turchi Martelli, Rafael Dhalia, Rafael Freitas de Oliveira Fran\u00e7a, and Ernesto T.\u2009A. Marques J\u00fanior are with The Research Center Aggeu Magalh\u00e3es (CPqAM)\/Oswaldo Cruz Foundation (Fiocruz), Recife. Thalia Velho Barreto Ara\u00fajo and Ricardo Arraes de Alencar Ximenes are with the Federal University of Pernambuco,..."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rafael","family":"Dhalia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Dem\u00f3crito de Barros Miranda-Filho, Ricardo Arraes de Alencar Ximenes, Maria Angela Wanderley Rocha, and Regina Coeli Ferreira Ramos are with the University of Pernambuco, Recife, Brazil. Celina Maria Turchi Martelli, Rafael Dhalia, Rafael Freitas de Oliveira Fran\u00e7a, and Ernesto T.\u2009A. Marques J\u00fanior are with The Research Center Aggeu Magalh\u00e3es (CPqAM)\/Oswaldo Cruz Foundation (Fiocruz), Recife. Thalia Velho Barreto Ara\u00fajo and Ricardo Arraes de Alencar Ximenes are with the Federal University of Pernambuco,..."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rafael Freitas de Oliveira","family":"Fran\u00e7a","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Dem\u00f3crito de Barros Miranda-Filho, Ricardo Arraes de Alencar Ximenes, Maria Angela Wanderley Rocha, and Regina Coeli Ferreira Ramos are with the University of Pernambuco, Recife, Brazil. Celina Maria Turchi Martelli, Rafael Dhalia, Rafael Freitas de Oliveira Fran\u00e7a, and Ernesto T.\u2009A. Marques J\u00fanior are with The Research Center Aggeu Magalh\u00e3es (CPqAM)\/Oswaldo Cruz Foundation (Fiocruz), Recife. Thalia Velho Barreto Ara\u00fajo and Ricardo Arraes de Alencar Ximenes are with the Federal University of Pernambuco,..."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ernesto Torres de Azevedo","family":"Marques J\u00fanior","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Dem\u00f3crito de Barros Miranda-Filho, Ricardo Arraes de Alencar Ximenes, Maria Angela Wanderley Rocha, and Regina Coeli Ferreira Ramos are with the University of Pernambuco, Recife, Brazil. Celina Maria Turchi Martelli, Rafael Dhalia, Rafael Freitas de Oliveira Fran\u00e7a, and Ernesto T.\u2009A. Marques J\u00fanior are with The Research Center Aggeu Magalh\u00e3es (CPqAM)\/Oswaldo Cruz Foundation (Fiocruz), Recife. 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