{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,9]],"date-time":"2026-07-09T19:46:36Z","timestamp":1783626396184,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":29,"publisher":"American Public Health Association","issue":"9","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Am J Public Health"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2017,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:p> Objectives. To estimate homicide rates of transgender US residents and relative risks (RRs) of homicide with respect to cisgender comparators intersected with age, gender, and race\/ethnicity. <\/jats:p><jats:p> Methods. I estimated homicide rates for transgender residents and transfeminine, Black, Latin@, and young (aged 15\u201334 years) subpopulations during the period 2010 to 2014 using Transgender Day of Remembrance and National Coalition of Anti-Violence Programs transgender homicide data. I used estimated transgender prevalences to estimate RRs using cisgender comparators. I performed a sensitivity analysis to situate all results within assumptions about underreporting of transgender homicides and assumptions about the prevalence of transgender residents. <\/jats:p><jats:p> Results. The overall homicide rate of transgender individuals was likely to be less than that of cisgender individuals, with 8 of 12 RR estimates below 1.0. However, the homicide rates of young transfeminine Black and Latina residents were almost certainly higher than were those of cisfeminine comparators, with all RR estimates above 1.0 for Blacks and all above 1.0 for Latinas. <\/jats:p><jats:p> Conclusions. Antiviolence public health programs should identify young and Black or Latina transfeminine women as an especially vulnerable population. <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.2105\/ajph.2017.303878","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,7,20]],"date-time":"2017-07-20T19:49:44Z","timestamp":1500580184000},"page":"1441-1447","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":110,"title":["Homicide Rates of Transgender Individuals in the United States: 2010\u20132014"],"prefix":"10.2105","volume":"107","author":[{"given":"Alexis","family":"Dinno","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"At the time of the study, Alexis Dinno was with the Oregon Health and Science University-Portland State University School of Public Health, Portland, OR."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"844","reference":[{"issue":"4","key":"bib1","first-page":"1","volume":"61","author":"National Center for Health Statistics Deaths","year":"2013","journal-title":"Natl Vital Stat Rep"},{"issue":"3","key":"bib2","first-page":"1","volume":"63","author":"National Center for Health Statistics Deaths","year":"2015","journal-title":"Natl Vital Stat Rep"},{"issue":"9","key":"bib3","first-page":"1","volume":"63","author":"National Center for Health Statistics Deaths","year":"2015","journal-title":"Natl Vital Stat Rep"},{"issue":"2","key":"bib4","first-page":"1","volume":"64","author":"National Center for Health Statistics Deaths","year":"2016","journal-title":"Natl Vital Stat Rep"},{"issue":"4","key":"bib5","first-page":"1","volume":"65","author":"National Center for Health Statistics Deaths","year":"2016","journal-title":"Natl Vital Stat Rep"},{"key":"bib6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(02)11133-0"},{"key":"bib7","volume-title":"The Role of Public Health Practitioners, Academics, and Advocates in Relation to Armed Conflict and War","author":"American Public Health Association","year":"2009"},{"key":"bib8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2105\/AJPH.2013.301778"},{"key":"bib9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.avb.2009.01.006"},{"key":"bib10","volume-title":"The Report of the 2015 US Transgender Survey","author":"James SE","year":"2016"},{"key":"bib11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1527-2001.2007.tb01090.x"},{"key":"bib12","volume-title":"Injustice at Every Turn: A Report of the National Transgender Discrimination Survey","author":"Grant JM","year":"2011"},{"key":"bib13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1018715525493"},{"key":"bib14","volume-title":"My Gender Workbook: How to Become a Real Man, a Real Woman, the Real You, or Something Else Entirely","author":"Bornstein K","year":"1997"},{"key":"bib15","volume-title":"Transgender Warriors: Making History from Joan of Arc to RuPaul","author":"Feinberg L","year":"1996"},{"key":"bib16","first-page":"241","volume-title":"Coming-out for LGBT: Psychology in the Current International Scenario","author":"Dinno A","year":"2014"},{"key":"bib17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0191453705052972"},{"key":"bib19","volume-title":"Latin@s in the World-System. Decolonization Struggles in the 21st Century US Empire","author":"Wallerstein I","year":"2005"},{"key":"bib20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0886260514554293"},{"key":"bib21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/00918369.2016.1174026"},{"key":"bib24","volume-title":"California Lesbians, Gays, Bisexuals, and Transgender Tobacco Use Survey\u20142004","author":"Bye L","year":"2005"},{"key":"bib25","author":"Reed B","year":"2009","journal-title":"Gender Variance in the UK: Prevalence, Incidence, Growth and Geographic Distribution"},{"key":"bib26","volume-title":"How Many People Are Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, and Transgender?","author":"Gates GJ","year":"2011"},{"key":"bib27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2105\/AJPH.2011.300315"},{"key":"bib28","volume-title":"Los Angeles County Transgender Population Estimates 2012","author":"Bingham T","year":"2013"},{"key":"bib29","volume-title":"How Many Adults Identify as Transgender in the United States?","author":"Flores AR","year":"2016"},{"key":"bib30","first-page":"139","volume":"1","author":"Crenshaw K","year":"1989","journal-title":"University of Chicago Legal Forum"},{"key":"bib32","volume-title":"Medical Examiners\u2019 and Coroners\u2019 Handbook on Death Registration and Fetal Death Reporting","author":"National Center for Health Statistics","year":"2003"},{"key":"bib35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/15574090802092879"}],"container-title":["American Journal of Public Health"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/ajph.aphapublications.org\/doi\/pdf\/10.2105\/AJPH.2017.303878","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2022,5,10]],"date-time":"2022-05-10T00:52:32Z","timestamp":1652143952000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/ajph.aphapublications.org\/doi\/full\/10.2105\/AJPH.2017.303878"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2017,9]]},"references-count":29,"journal-issue":{"issue":"9","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2017,9]]}},"alternative-id":["10.2105\/AJPH.2017.303878"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2105\/ajph.2017.303878","relation":{},"ISSN":["0090-0036","1541-0048"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0090-0036","type":"print"},{"value":"1541-0048","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2017,9]]}}}