{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,2]],"date-time":"2026-08-02T08:41:44Z","timestamp":1785660104163,"version":"3.56.0"},"reference-count":30,"publisher":"American Public Health Association","issue":"1","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Am J Public Health"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:p> Objectives. To assess cohort effects in prescription opioid and heroin overdose mortality in the United States. <\/jats:p><jats:p> Methods. Using the National Center for Health Statistics\u2019 multiple-cause-of-death file for 1999 to 2014, we performed an age\u2013period\u2013cohort analysis of drug overdose mortality in the United States. <\/jats:p><jats:p> Results. Compared with those born in 1977 and 1978, individuals born between 1947 and 1964 experienced excess risks of prescription opioid overdose death (e.g., for the 1955\u20131956 birth cohort, rate ratio [RR]\u2009=\u20091.27; 95% confidence interval [CI]\u2009=\u20091.09, 1.48) and of heroin overdose death (e.g., for the 1953\u20131954 birth cohort, RR\u2009=\u20091.32; 95% CI\u2009=\u20091.11, 1.57). Those born between 1979 and 1992 also experienced an increased risk of heroin overdose death (e.g., for the 1989\u20131990 birth cohort, RR\u2009=\u20091.23; 95% CI\u2009=\u20091.01, 1.50). The cohort effects were consistent between sexes. <\/jats:p><jats:p> Conclusions. Individuals born between 1947 and 1964 and between 1979 and 1992 are particularly afflicted by the opioid epidemic. Intervention programs are needed to reduce the excess overdose mortality in these specific demographic groups. <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.2105\/ajph.2017.304142","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,11,21]],"date-time":"2017-11-21T20:47:53Z","timestamp":1511297273000},"page":"131-136","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":50,"title":["Increasing Prescription Opioid and Heroin Overdose Mortality in the United States, 1999\u20132014: An Age\u2013Period\u2013Cohort Analysis"],"prefix":"10.2105","volume":"108","author":[{"given":"Xiwen","family":"Huang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"All of the authors are with the Department of Epidemiology, Mailman School of Public Health, and the Center for Injury Epidemiology and Prevention, Columbia University, New York, NY. Guohua Li is also with the Department of Anesthesiology, College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Katherine M.","family":"Keyes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"All of the authors are with the Department of Epidemiology, Mailman School of Public Health, and the Center for Injury Epidemiology and Prevention, Columbia University, New York, NY. Guohua Li is also with the Department of Anesthesiology, College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Guohua","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"All of the authors are with the Department of Epidemiology, Mailman School of Public Health, and the Center for Injury Epidemiology and Prevention, Columbia University, New York, NY. Guohua Li is also with the Department of Anesthesiology, College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"844","reference":[{"key":"bib2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1526-4637.2011.01062.x"},{"key":"bib3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/2197-1714-1-9"},{"key":"bib4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1377\/hlthaff.2015.1496"},{"key":"bib5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s40621-015-0041-8"},{"key":"bib6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMp1011512"},{"key":"bib7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s40621-017-0118-7"},{"key":"bib8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jamapsychiatry.2014.366"},{"issue":"28","key":"bib9","first-page":"636","volume":"49","author":"Centers for Disease Control and Prevention","year":"2000","journal-title":"MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep"},{"key":"bib10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/jurban\/jtg022"},{"issue":"39","key":"bib11","first-page":"849","volume":"63","author":"Rudd RA","year":"2014","journal-title":"MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep"},{"key":"bib12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1467-842X.2000.tb01605.x"},{"key":"bib13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.drugpo.2011.05.014"},{"key":"bib14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/02791072.2012.704591"},{"issue":"5","key":"bib15","first-page":"942","volume":"67","author":"Siegal HA","year":"2003","journal-title":"Am Fam Physician"},{"key":"bib16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/10550490701375293"},{"key":"bib17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.addbeh.2011.07.046"},{"key":"bib18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.drugalcdep.2014.10.005"},{"key":"bib19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMra1508490"},{"key":"bib20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1518393112"},{"key":"bib21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amepre.2015.02.020"},{"key":"bib22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.15585\/mmwr.mm655051e1"},{"key":"bib23","volume-title":"International Classification of Diseases, 10th Revision","year":"1992"},{"key":"bib24","volume-title":"Physician\u2019s Handbook on Medical Certification of Death","author":"Centers for Disease Control and Prevention","year":"2003"},{"key":"bib25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.annepidem.2010.03.006"},{"key":"bib26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1095292"},{"key":"bib27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1521-0391.2010.00080.x"},{"key":"bib28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1360-0443.2010.03332.x"},{"key":"bib29","volume-title":"Principles of Adolescent Substance Use Disorder Treatment: A Research-Based Guide","author":"National Institute on Drug Abuse","year":"2014"},{"issue":"43","key":"bib30","first-page":"1487","volume":"60","author":"Centers for Disease Control and Prevention","year":"2011","journal-title":"MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep"},{"key":"bib31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s13181-013-0323-x"}],"container-title":["American Journal of Public Health"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/ajph.aphapublications.org\/doi\/pdf\/10.2105\/AJPH.2017.304142","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2022,5,9]],"date-time":"2022-05-09T23:42:46Z","timestamp":1652139766000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/ajph.aphapublications.org\/doi\/full\/10.2105\/AJPH.2017.304142"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2018,1]]},"references-count":30,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,1]]}},"alternative-id":["10.2105\/AJPH.2017.304142"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2105\/ajph.2017.304142","relation":{},"ISSN":["0090-0036","1541-0048"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0090-0036","type":"print"},{"value":"1541-0048","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2018,1]]}}}