{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,28]],"date-time":"2026-03-28T13:15:30Z","timestamp":1774703730119,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":28,"publisher":"American Public Health Association","issue":"6","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Am J Public Health"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,6]]},"abstract":"<jats:p> Objectives. To evaluate the efficacy of an intervention targeted to commune health workers (CHWs) who deliver services to people who inject drugs (PWID) in Vietnam. <\/jats:p><jats:p> Methods. From 2014 to 2016, we conducted a cluster randomized controlled trial of 300 CHWs and 900 PWID in 60 communes in 2 provinces of Vietnam. Intervention CHWs participated in training sessions to enhance their communication skills. Trained CHWs were asked to deliver individual sessions to PWID. We assessed the outcomes at baseline and at 3-, 6-, 9-, and 12-month follow-ups. <\/jats:p><jats:p> Results. Intervention CHWs showed greater improvement in provider\u2013client interactions than did control CHWs at all follow-ups (range of difference\u2009=\u20093.33\u20135.18; P\u2009&lt;\u2009.001). Intervention CHWs showed greater reduction in negative attitudes toward PWID at the 12-month follow-up (mean \u00b1SD\u2009=\u20091.75 \u00b10.50; P\u2009&lt;\u2009.001). PWID in the intervention group exhibited greater improvement in drug avoidance than did those in the control group from the 6-month follow-up on (range of difference\u2009=\u20091.21\u20131.65; P\u2009&lt;\u2009.001). We observed no intervention effect on heroin use as measured by urinalysis. <\/jats:p><jats:p> Conclusions. This intervention targeting CHWs could lead to desired outcomes for both CHWs and PWID. <\/jats:p><jats:p> ClinicalTrials.gov: NCT0213092.1 <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.2105\/ajph.2018.304350","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,4,19]],"date-time":"2018-04-19T19:58:01Z","timestamp":1524167881000},"page":"791-798","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":16,"title":["Efficacy of Communication Training of Community Health Workers on Service Delivery to People Who Inject Drugs in Vietnam: A Clustered Randomized Trial"],"prefix":"10.2105","volume":"108","author":[{"given":"Li","family":"Li","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Li Li, Li-Jung Liang, Chunqing Lin, Chiao-Wen Lan, and Sung-Jae Lee are with the Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, Center for Community Health, University of California, Los Angeles. Nguyen Tran Hien, Nguyen Anh Tuan, Le Anh Tuan, Duong Cong Thanh, and Nguyen Thi Thanh Ha are with the HIV\/AIDS Department, National Institute of Hygiene and Epidemiology, Hanoi, Vietnam."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Nguyen Tran","family":"Hien","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Li Li, Li-Jung Liang, Chunqing Lin, Chiao-Wen Lan, and Sung-Jae Lee are with the Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, Center for Community Health, University of California, Los Angeles. Nguyen Tran Hien, Nguyen Anh Tuan, Le Anh Tuan, Duong Cong Thanh, and Nguyen Thi Thanh Ha are with the HIV\/AIDS Department, National Institute of Hygiene and Epidemiology, Hanoi, Vietnam."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Li-Jung","family":"Liang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Li Li, Li-Jung Liang, Chunqing Lin, Chiao-Wen Lan, and Sung-Jae Lee are with the Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, Center for Community Health, University of California, Los Angeles. Nguyen Tran Hien, Nguyen Anh Tuan, Le Anh Tuan, Duong Cong Thanh, and Nguyen Thi Thanh Ha are with the HIV\/AIDS Department, National Institute of Hygiene and Epidemiology, Hanoi, Vietnam."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Chunqing","family":"Lin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Li Li, Li-Jung Liang, Chunqing Lin, Chiao-Wen Lan, and Sung-Jae Lee are with the Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, Center for Community Health, University of California, Los Angeles. Nguyen Tran Hien, Nguyen Anh Tuan, Le Anh Tuan, Duong Cong Thanh, and Nguyen Thi Thanh Ha are with the HIV\/AIDS Department, National Institute of Hygiene and Epidemiology, Hanoi, Vietnam."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Chiao-Wen","family":"Lan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Li Li, Li-Jung Liang, Chunqing Lin, Chiao-Wen Lan, and Sung-Jae Lee are with the Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, Center for Community Health, University of California, Los Angeles. Nguyen Tran Hien, Nguyen Anh Tuan, Le Anh Tuan, Duong Cong Thanh, and Nguyen Thi Thanh Ha are with the HIV\/AIDS Department, National Institute of Hygiene and Epidemiology, Hanoi, Vietnam."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Sung-Jae","family":"Lee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Li Li, Li-Jung Liang, Chunqing Lin, Chiao-Wen Lan, and Sung-Jae Lee are with the Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, Center for Community Health, University of California, Los Angeles. Nguyen Tran Hien, Nguyen Anh Tuan, Le Anh Tuan, Duong Cong Thanh, and Nguyen Thi Thanh Ha are with the HIV\/AIDS Department, National Institute of Hygiene and Epidemiology, Hanoi, Vietnam."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Nguyen Anh","family":"Tuan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Li Li, Li-Jung Liang, Chunqing Lin, Chiao-Wen Lan, and Sung-Jae Lee are with the Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, Center for Community Health, University of California, Los Angeles. Nguyen Tran Hien, Nguyen Anh Tuan, Le Anh Tuan, Duong Cong Thanh, and Nguyen Thi Thanh Ha are with the HIV\/AIDS Department, National Institute of Hygiene and Epidemiology, Hanoi, Vietnam."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Le Anh","family":"Tuan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Li Li, Li-Jung Liang, Chunqing Lin, Chiao-Wen Lan, and Sung-Jae Lee are with the Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, Center for Community Health, University of California, Los Angeles. Nguyen Tran Hien, Nguyen Anh Tuan, Le Anh Tuan, Duong Cong Thanh, and Nguyen Thi Thanh Ha are with the HIV\/AIDS Department, National Institute of Hygiene and Epidemiology, Hanoi, Vietnam."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Duong Cong","family":"Thanh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Li Li, Li-Jung Liang, Chunqing Lin, Chiao-Wen Lan, and Sung-Jae Lee are with the Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, Center for Community Health, University of California, Los Angeles. Nguyen Tran Hien, Nguyen Anh Tuan, Le Anh Tuan, Duong Cong Thanh, and Nguyen Thi Thanh Ha are with the HIV\/AIDS Department, National Institute of Hygiene and Epidemiology, Hanoi, Vietnam."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Nguyen Thi Thanh","family":"Ha","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Li Li, Li-Jung Liang, Chunqing Lin, Chiao-Wen Lan, and Sung-Jae Lee are with the Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, Center for Community Health, University of California, Los Angeles. Nguyen Tran Hien, Nguyen Anh Tuan, Le Anh Tuan, Duong Cong Thanh, and Nguyen Thi Thanh Ha are with the HIV\/AIDS Department, National Institute of Hygiene and Epidemiology, Hanoi, Vietnam."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"844","reference":[{"key":"bib3","volume-title":"Overview of the Impact of Policies on Drug Rehabilitation Treatment on Its Implementation in Vietnam","author":"Vietnam Ministry of Labor, Invalids, and Social Affairs","year":"2010"},{"key":"bib5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12954-016-0130-1"},{"key":"bib6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(07)60325-0"},{"key":"bib7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(12)62002-9"},{"key":"bib8","volume-title":"Global Experience of Community Health Workers for Delivery of Health Related Millennium Development Goals: A Systematic Review, Country Case Studies, and Recommendations for Integration Into National Health Systems","author":"Global Health Alliance, World Health Organization","year":"2010"},{"key":"bib9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2105\/AJPH.2014.302101"},{"key":"bib10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1728-4465.2015.00028.x"},{"key":"bib11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2458-14-68"},{"key":"bib12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12913-014-0606-1"},{"key":"bib13","volume-title":"Good Practice in Asia: Targeted HIV Prevention for IDU and Sex Workers, Viet Nam\u2019s First Large-Scale National Harm Reduction Initiative","author":"World Health Organization","year":"2010"},{"key":"bib15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5243\/jsswr.2012.15"},{"key":"bib16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1747-597X-8-35"},{"key":"bib17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.drugalcdep.2013.02.018"},{"key":"bib18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2013.07.006"},{"key":"bib19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/0003-066X.46.9.931"},{"key":"bib20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0956462414529553"},{"key":"bib21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3109\/0142159X.2011.613499"},{"key":"bib22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(98)07026-3"},{"key":"bib23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1360-0443.2012.04020.x"},{"key":"bib24","volume-title":"Health Professionals\u2019 Attitudes Towards Licit and Illicit Drug Users: A Training Resource","author":"National Center for Education and Training on Addiction","year":"2006"},{"key":"bib25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0899-3289(95)90001-2"},{"key":"bib26","volume-title":"Statistical Power Analysis for the Behavioral Sciences","author":"Cohen J","year":"1988","edition":"2"},{"key":"bib28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2975\/34.2.2010.145.152"},{"key":"bib29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0125909"},{"key":"bib30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/00472336.2013.763497"},{"key":"bib33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.addbeh.2011.07.032"},{"key":"bib34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/a0031194"},{"key":"bib35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1359105308090933"}],"container-title":["American Journal of Public Health"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/ajph.aphapublications.org\/doi\/pdf\/10.2105\/AJPH.2018.304350","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2022,5,9]],"date-time":"2022-05-09T23:23:47Z","timestamp":1652138627000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/ajph.aphapublications.org\/doi\/full\/10.2105\/AJPH.2018.304350"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2018,6]]},"references-count":28,"journal-issue":{"issue":"6","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,6]]}},"alternative-id":["10.2105\/AJPH.2018.304350"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2105\/ajph.2018.304350","relation":{},"ISSN":["0090-0036","1541-0048"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0090-0036","type":"print"},{"value":"1541-0048","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2018,6]]}}}