{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,14]],"date-time":"2026-10-14T09:00:43Z","timestamp":1791968443202,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":12,"publisher":"American Public Health Association","issue":"5","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Am J Public Health"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,5]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Objectives. To compare population-based sterilization rates between Latinas\/os and non-Latinas\/os sterilized under California\u2019s eugenics law.<\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>Methods. We used data from 17\u2009362 forms recommending institutionalized patients for sterilization between 1920 and 1945. We abstracted patient gender, age, and institution of residence into a data set. We extracted data on institution populations from US Census microdata from 1920, 1930, and 1940 and interpolated between census years. We used Spanish surnames to identify Latinas\/os in the absence of data on race\/ethnicity. We used Poisson regression with a random effect for each patient\u2019s institution of residence to estimate incidence rate ratios (IRRs) and compare sterilization rates between Latinas\/os and non-Latinas\/os, stratifying on gender and adjusting for differences in age and year of sterilization.<\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>Results. Latino men were more likely to be sterilized than were non-Latino men (IRR\u2009=\u20091.23; 95% confidence interval [CI]\u2009=\u20091.15, 1.31), and Latina women experienced an even more disproportionate risk of sterilization relative to non-Latinas (IRR\u2009=\u20091.59; 95% CI\u2009=\u20091.48, 1.70).<\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>Conclusions. Eugenic sterilization laws were disproportionately applied to Latina\/o patients, particularly Latina women and girls. Understanding historical injustices in public health can inform contemporary public health practice.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.2105\/ajph.2018.304369","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,3,22]],"date-time":"2018-03-22T15:55:20Z","timestamp":1521734120000},"page":"611-613","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":102,"title":["Disproportionate Sterilization of Latinos Under California\u2019s Eugenic Sterilization Program, 1920\u20131945"],"prefix":"10.2105","volume":"108","author":[{"given":"Nicole L.","family":"Novak","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Nicole L. Novak is with the Population Studies Center, Institute for Social Research, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor. Natalie Lira is with the Department of Latina\/Latino Studies, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign. Kate E. O\u2019Connor and Alexandra Minna Stern are with the Department of American Culture, University of Michigan. Siob\u00e1n D. Harlow and Sharon L.\u2009R. Kardia are with the Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of Michigan."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Natalie","family":"Lira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Nicole L. Novak is with the Population Studies Center, Institute for Social Research, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor. Natalie Lira is with the Department of Latina\/Latino Studies, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign. Kate E. O\u2019Connor and Alexandra Minna Stern are with the Department of American Culture, University of Michigan. Siob\u00e1n D. Harlow and Sharon L.\u2009R. Kardia are with the Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of Michigan."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kate E.","family":"O\u2019Connor","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Nicole L. Novak is with the Population Studies Center, Institute for Social Research, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor. Natalie Lira is with the Department of Latina\/Latino Studies, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign. Kate E. O\u2019Connor and Alexandra Minna Stern are with the Department of American Culture, University of Michigan. Siob\u00e1n D. Harlow and Sharon L.\u2009R. Kardia are with the Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of Michigan."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Siob\u00e1n D.","family":"Harlow","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Nicole L. Novak is with the Population Studies Center, Institute for Social Research, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor. Natalie Lira is with the Department of Latina\/Latino Studies, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign. Kate E. O\u2019Connor and Alexandra Minna Stern are with the Department of American Culture, University of Michigan. Siob\u00e1n D. Harlow and Sharon L.\u2009R. Kardia are with the Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of Michigan."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sharon L.\u2009R.","family":"Kardia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Nicole L. Novak is with the Population Studies Center, Institute for Social Research, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor. Natalie Lira is with the Department of Latina\/Latino Studies, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign. Kate E. O\u2019Connor and Alexandra Minna Stern are with the Department of American Culture, University of Michigan. Siob\u00e1n D. Harlow and Sharon L.\u2009R. Kardia are with the Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of Michigan."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alexandra Minna","family":"Stern","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Nicole L. Novak is with the Population Studies Center, Institute for Social Research, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor. Natalie Lira is with the Department of Latina\/Latino Studies, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign. Kate E. O\u2019Connor and Alexandra Minna Stern are with the Department of American Culture, University of Michigan. Siob\u00e1n D. Harlow and Sharon L.\u2009R. Kardia are with the Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of Michigan."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"844","reference":[{"key":"bib1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2105\/AJPH.2015.302900"},{"key":"bib2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2105\/AJPH.91.9.1383"},{"key":"bib3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2105\/AJPH.2004.041608"},{"key":"bib4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ehb.2010.01.002"},{"key":"bib5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2105\/AJPH.2011.300558"},{"key":"bib6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2013.09.006"},{"key":"bib7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2105\/AJPH.2016.303489"},{"issue":"2","key":"bib8","first-page":"9","volume":"39","author":"Lira N","year":"2014","journal-title":"Aztlan"},{"key":"bib9","volume-title":"Eugenical Sterilization in the United States","author":"Laughlin HH","year":"1922"},{"key":"bib10","volume-title":"Surveys in Mental Deviation in Prisons, Public Schools, and Orphanages in California","author":"Terman LM","year":"1918"},{"key":"bib11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jbi.2008.08.010"},{"key":"bib12","volume-title":"Becoming Mexican American: Ethnicity, Culture, and Identity in Chicano Los Angeles, 1900\u20131945","author":"S\u00e1nchez GJ","year":"1995"}],"container-title":["American Journal of Public Health"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/ajph.aphapublications.org\/doi\/pdf\/10.2105\/AJPH.2018.304369","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2022,5,9]],"date-time":"2022-05-09T20:43:11Z","timestamp":1652128991000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/ajph.aphapublications.org\/doi\/full\/10.2105\/AJPH.2018.304369"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2018,5]]},"references-count":12,"journal-issue":{"issue":"5","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,5]]}},"alternative-id":["10.2105\/AJPH.2018.304369"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2105\/ajph.2018.304369","relation":{},"ISSN":["0090-0036","1541-0048"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0090-0036","type":"print"},{"value":"1541-0048","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2018,5]]}}}