{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,7]],"date-time":"2026-09-07T19:26:22Z","timestamp":1788809182665,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":19,"publisher":"American Public Health Association","issue":"10","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Am J Public Health"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,10]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>It was the summer of 1972 when a stunned nation first learned of the infamous Tuskegee Syphilis Study, during which hundreds of poor, disease-stricken black men from Macon County Alabama, had been deliberately left untreated for 40 years.<\/jats:p><jats:p>Coming on the heels of multiple, earlier examples of unethical human experimentation, the Tuskegee Syphilis Study made it plain that the moral foundation of human subject research was in desperate need of repair. Blind reliance on the Nuremberg Code and the Declaration of Helsinki was no longer going to suffice.<\/jats:p><jats:p>It was against this backdrop that Congress resolved to act. Numerous hearings and multiple spirited discussions later, an agreement was struck to constitute the \u201cCommission.\u201d The outgrowth of a retreat held at the Smithsonian Institution\u2019s Belmont Conference Center, the Belmont Report lays out a principled analytical framework to \u201cguide the resolution of ethical problems arising from research involving human subjects.\u201d Durable and ever-present, the Belmont Report, which is the foundational document that reset the ethics of human subject research, must now reckon with all-important novel issues of the day that could not have been foreseen by its drafters.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.2105\/ajph.2018.304580","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,8,23]],"date-time":"2018-08-23T19:59:37Z","timestamp":1535054377000},"page":"1345-1348","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":85,"title":["The Belmont Report at 40: Reckoning With Time"],"prefix":"10.2105","volume":"108","author":[{"given":"Eli Y.","family":"Adashi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Eli Y. Adashi is with the Warren Alpert Medical School, Brown University, RI. LeRoy B. Walters is with the Kennedy Institute of Ethics and Department of Philosophy, Georgetown University, Washington, DC. Jerry A. Menikoff is with the Office for Human Research Protections, Department of Health and Human Services, Rockville, MD."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"LeRoy B.","family":"Walters","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Eli Y. Adashi is with the Warren Alpert Medical School, Brown University, RI. LeRoy B. Walters is with the Kennedy Institute of Ethics and Department of Philosophy, Georgetown University, Washington, DC. Jerry A. Menikoff is with the Office for Human Research Protections, Department of Health and Human Services, Rockville, MD."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jerry A.","family":"Menikoff","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Eli Y. Adashi is with the Warren Alpert Medical School, Brown University, RI. LeRoy B. Walters is with the Kennedy Institute of Ethics and Department of Philosophy, Georgetown University, Washington, DC. Jerry A. Menikoff is with the Office for Human Research Protections, Department of Health and Human Services, Rockville, MD."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"844","reference":[{"key":"bib2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM196606162742405"},{"key":"bib3","volume-title":"Bad Blood. 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