{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,7]],"date-time":"2026-09-07T14:49:27Z","timestamp":1788792567525,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":20,"publisher":"American Public Health Association","issue":"S4","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Am J Public Health"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,11]]},"abstract":"<jats:p> Objectives. To describe disparities in HIV infection and syphilis among gay, bisexual, and other men who have sex with men (MSM) in US states through ratio-based measures and graphical depictions of disparities. <\/jats:p><jats:p> Methods. We used state-level surveillance data of reported HIV and syphilis cases in 2015 and 2016, and estimates of MSM population sizes to estimate HIV and syphilis prevalence by race\/ethnicity and rate ratios (RRs) and to visually display patterns of disparity and prevalence among US states. <\/jats:p><jats:p> Results. State-specific rates of new HIV diagnoses were higher for Black than for White MSM (RR range\u2009=\u20092.35 [Rhode Island] to 10.12 [Wisconsin]) and for Hispanic than for White MSM (RR range\u2009=\u20091.50 [Tennessee] to 5.78 [Pennsylvania]). Rates of syphilis diagnoses were higher for Black than for White MSM in 42 of 44 states (state RR range\u2009=\u20090.89 [Hawaii] to 17.11 [Alaska]). Scatterplots of HIV diagnosis rates by race showed heterogeneity in epidemic scenarios, even in states with similar ratio-based disparity measures. <\/jats:p><jats:p> Conclusions. There is a widely disparate impact of HIV and syphilis among Black and Hispanic MSM compared with White MSM. Between-state variation suggests that states should tailor and focus their prevention responses to best address state data. <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.2105\/ajph.2018.304762","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,11,1]],"date-time":"2018-11-01T20:50:48Z","timestamp":1541105448000},"page":"S266-S273","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":28,"title":["Patterns of Racial\/Ethnic Disparities and Prevalence in HIV and Syphilis Diagnoses Among Men Who Have Sex With Men, 2016: A Novel Data Visualization"],"prefix":"10.2105","volume":"108","author":[{"given":"Patrick S.","family":"Sullivan","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Patrick S. Sullivan, Taylor A. Wimbly, and Eric Hall are with the Department of Epidemiology, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, GA. David W. Purcell is with the Division of HIV\/AIDS Prevention, National Center for HIV, Viral Hepatitis, STD and TB Prevention, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta. Jeremy A. Grey, Kyle T. Bernstein, and Thomas L. Gift are with the Division of STD Prevention, National Center for HIV\/AIDS, Viral Hepatitis, STD and TB Prevention,..."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"David W.","family":"Purcell","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Patrick S. Sullivan, Taylor A. Wimbly, and Eric Hall are with the Department of Epidemiology, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, GA. David W. Purcell is with the Division of HIV\/AIDS Prevention, National Center for HIV, Viral Hepatitis, STD and TB Prevention, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta. Jeremy A. Grey, Kyle T. Bernstein, and Thomas L. Gift are with the Division of STD Prevention, National Center for HIV\/AIDS, Viral Hepatitis, STD and TB Prevention,..."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jeremy A.","family":"Grey","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Patrick S. Sullivan, Taylor A. Wimbly, and Eric Hall are with the Department of Epidemiology, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, GA. David W. Purcell is with the Division of HIV\/AIDS Prevention, National Center for HIV, Viral Hepatitis, STD and TB Prevention, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta. Jeremy A. Grey, Kyle T. Bernstein, and Thomas L. Gift are with the Division of STD Prevention, National Center for HIV\/AIDS, Viral Hepatitis, STD and TB Prevention,..."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kyle T.","family":"Bernstein","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Patrick S. Sullivan, Taylor A. Wimbly, and Eric Hall are with the Department of Epidemiology, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, GA. David W. Purcell is with the Division of HIV\/AIDS Prevention, National Center for HIV, Viral Hepatitis, STD and TB Prevention, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta. Jeremy A. Grey, Kyle T. Bernstein, and Thomas L. Gift are with the Division of STD Prevention, National Center for HIV\/AIDS, Viral Hepatitis, STD and TB Prevention,..."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Thomas L.","family":"Gift","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Patrick S. Sullivan, Taylor A. Wimbly, and Eric Hall are with the Department of Epidemiology, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, GA. David W. Purcell is with the Division of HIV\/AIDS Prevention, National Center for HIV, Viral Hepatitis, STD and TB Prevention, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta. Jeremy A. Grey, Kyle T. Bernstein, and Thomas L. Gift are with the Division of STD Prevention, National Center for HIV\/AIDS, Viral Hepatitis, STD and TB Prevention,..."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Taylor A.","family":"Wimbly","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Patrick S. Sullivan, Taylor A. Wimbly, and Eric Hall are with the Department of Epidemiology, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, GA. David W. Purcell is with the Division of HIV\/AIDS Prevention, National Center for HIV, Viral Hepatitis, STD and TB Prevention, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta. Jeremy A. Grey, Kyle T. Bernstein, and Thomas L. Gift are with the Division of STD Prevention, National Center for HIV\/AIDS, Viral Hepatitis, STD and TB Prevention,..."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Eric","family":"Hall","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Patrick S. Sullivan, Taylor A. Wimbly, and Eric Hall are with the Department of Epidemiology, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, GA. David W. Purcell is with the Division of HIV\/AIDS Prevention, National Center for HIV, Viral Hepatitis, STD and TB Prevention, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta. Jeremy A. Grey, Kyle T. Bernstein, and Thomas L. Gift are with the Division of STD Prevention, National Center for HIV\/AIDS, Viral Hepatitis, STD and TB Prevention,..."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Eli S.","family":"Rosenberg","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Patrick S. Sullivan, Taylor A. Wimbly, and Eric Hall are with the Department of Epidemiology, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, GA. David W. Purcell is with the Division of HIV\/AIDS Prevention, National Center for HIV, Viral Hepatitis, STD and TB Prevention, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta. Jeremy A. Grey, Kyle T. Bernstein, and Thomas L. Gift are with the Division of STD Prevention, National Center for HIV\/AIDS, Viral Hepatitis, STD and TB Prevention,..."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"844","reference":[{"key":"bib1","volume-title":"Gender, Race, Class, & Health: Intersectional Approaches","author":"Schulz AJ","year":"2006"},{"key":"bib2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2105\/AJPH.93.6.939"},{"key":"bib4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/OLQ.0000000000000826"},{"key":"bib7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1473-3099(04)01061-8"},{"key":"bib8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0159309"},{"key":"bib9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1521\/aeap.2015.27.6.493"},{"key":"bib10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/aid.2015.0013"},{"key":"bib11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.annepidem.2015.03.006"},{"key":"bib12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S2352-3018(14)00011-3"},{"key":"bib13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.annepidem.2009.03.004"},{"key":"bib16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2196\/publichealth.5365"},{"key":"bib18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00126334-200302011-00011"},{"key":"bib20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/QAI.0000000000001508"},{"key":"bib21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2196\/publichealth.5684"},{"key":"bib22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/QAI.0000000000001508"},{"key":"bib24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1468-0009.2010.00587.x"},{"key":"bib25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/aje\/kwn016"},{"key":"bib26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/OLQ.0000000000000646"},{"key":"bib27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0033-3549(04)50161-9"},{"key":"bib28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2105\/AJPH.79.7.836"}],"container-title":["American Journal of Public Health"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/ajph.aphapublications.org\/doi\/pdf\/10.2105\/AJPH.2018.304762","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2022,5,9]],"date-time":"2022-05-09T23:12:53Z","timestamp":1652137973000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/ajph.aphapublications.org\/doi\/full\/10.2105\/AJPH.2018.304762"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2018,11]]},"references-count":20,"journal-issue":{"issue":"S4","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,11]]}},"alternative-id":["10.2105\/AJPH.2018.304762"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2105\/ajph.2018.304762","relation":{},"ISSN":["0090-0036","1541-0048"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0090-0036","type":"print"},{"value":"1541-0048","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2018,11]]}}}