{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,22]],"date-time":"2026-10-22T15:53:03Z","timestamp":1792684383855,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":27,"publisher":"American Public Health Association","issue":"5","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Am J Public Health"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,5]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Objectives. To collect national data on pregnancy frequencies and outcomes among women in US state and federal prisons.<\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>Methods. From 2016 to 2017, we prospectively collected 12 months of pregnancy statistics from a geographically diverse sample of 22 state prison systems and the Federal Bureau of Prisons. Prisons reported numbers of pregnant women, births, miscarriages, abortions, and other outcomes.<\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>Results. Overall, 1396 pregnant women were admitted to prisons; 3.8% of newly admitted women and 0.6% of all women were pregnant in December 2016. There were 753 live births (92% of outcomes), 46 miscarriages (6%), 11 abortions (1%), 4 stillbirths (0.5%), 3 newborn deaths, and no maternal deaths. Six percent of live births were preterm and 30% were cesarean deliveries. Distributions of outcomes varied by state.<\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>Conclusions. Our study showed that the majority of prison pregnancies ended in live births or miscarriages. Our findings can enable policymakers, researchers, and public health practitioners to optimize health outcomes for incarcerated pregnant women and their newborns, whose health has broad sociopolitical implications.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.2105\/ajph.2019.305006","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,3,21]],"date-time":"2019-03-21T16:03:55Z","timestamp":1553184235000},"page":"799-805","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":180,"title":["Pregnancy Outcomes in US Prisons, 2016\u20132017"],"prefix":"10.2105","volume":"109","author":[{"given":"Carolyn","family":"Sufrin","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Carolyn Sufrin and Lauren Beal are with the Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD. Carolyn Sufrin is also with the Department of Health, Behavior and Society, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health. Jennifer Clarke is with the Rhode Island Department of Corrections, Cranston. Rachel Jones is with the Guttmacher Institute, New York, NY. William D. Mosher is with the Department of Population, Family, and Reproductive Health, Johns..."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lauren","family":"Beal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Carolyn Sufrin and Lauren Beal are with the Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD. Carolyn Sufrin is also with the Department of Health, Behavior and Society, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health. Jennifer Clarke is with the Rhode Island Department of Corrections, Cranston. Rachel Jones is with the Guttmacher Institute, New York, NY. William D. Mosher is with the Department of Population, Family, and Reproductive Health, Johns..."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jennifer","family":"Clarke","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Carolyn Sufrin and Lauren Beal are with the Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD. Carolyn Sufrin is also with the Department of Health, Behavior and Society, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health. Jennifer Clarke is with the Rhode Island Department of Corrections, Cranston. Rachel Jones is with the Guttmacher Institute, New York, NY. William D. Mosher is with the Department of Population, Family, and Reproductive Health, Johns..."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rachel","family":"Jones","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Carolyn Sufrin and Lauren Beal are with the Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD. Carolyn Sufrin is also with the Department of Health, Behavior and Society, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health. Jennifer Clarke is with the Rhode Island Department of Corrections, Cranston. Rachel Jones is with the Guttmacher Institute, New York, NY. William D. Mosher is with the Department of Population, Family, and Reproductive Health, Johns..."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"William D.","family":"Mosher","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Carolyn Sufrin and Lauren Beal are with the Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD. Carolyn Sufrin is also with the Department of Health, Behavior and Society, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health. Jennifer Clarke is with the Rhode Island Department of Corrections, Cranston. Rachel Jones is with the Guttmacher Institute, New York, NY. William D. Mosher is with the Department of Population, Family, and Reproductive Health, Johns..."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"844","reference":[{"key":"bib1","volume-title":"Prisoners in State and Federal Institutions, December 31, 1980","author":"Minor-Harper S","year":"1982"},{"key":"bib4","volume-title":"The Gender Divide: Tracking Women\u2019s State Prison Growth","author":"Sawyer W","year":"2018"},{"key":"bib5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2105\/AJPH.2004.060236"},{"key":"bib6","volume-title":"Parents in Prison and Their Minor Children","author":"Glaze LE","year":"2010"},{"key":"bib7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1078345811435476"},{"key":"bib8","first-page":"33","volume":"3","author":"Smyth J","year":"2012","journal-title":"Columbia Soc Work Rev"},{"key":"bib9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(17)30259-3"},{"key":"bib10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev-publhealth-031811-124614"},{"key":"bib11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1363\/47e3115"},{"key":"bib12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1525\/california\/9780520288669.001.0001"},{"key":"bib13","volume-title":"The New Jim Crow: Mass Incarceration in the Age of Colorblindness","author":"Alexander M","year":"2010"},{"key":"bib14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1552-6909.1993.tb01780.x"},{"key":"bib15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2458-5-111"},{"key":"bib16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1078345807309616"},{"key":"bib17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/e448112008-001"},{"key":"bib19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1215\/03616878-1966324"},{"key":"bib20","volume-title":"Women in Prison: Issues and Challenges Confronting US Correctional Systems","year":"1999"},{"key":"bib21","volume-title":"Women Offenders","author":"Greenfeld L","year":"1999"},{"key":"bib22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1353\/hpu.2012.0048"},{"key":"bib23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1471-0528.2005.00749.x"},{"key":"bib24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10995-010-0602-y"},{"key":"bib25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12884-016-1080-z"},{"key":"bib26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jbi.2008.08.010"},{"key":"bib27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/AOG.0000000000002062"},{"key":"bib28","first-page":"1","volume":"86","author":"Daniels K","year":"2015","journal-title":"Natl Health Stat Report"},{"key":"bib29","first-page":"1","volume":"287","author":"Martin JA","year":"2017","journal-title":"NCHS Data Brief"},{"key":"bib30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/AOG.0b013e31823b17e3"}],"container-title":["American Journal of Public Health"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/ajph.aphapublications.org\/doi\/pdf\/10.2105\/AJPH.2019.305006","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2022,5,9]],"date-time":"2022-05-09T20:27:24Z","timestamp":1652128044000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/ajph.aphapublications.org\/doi\/full\/10.2105\/AJPH.2019.305006"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2019,5]]},"references-count":27,"journal-issue":{"issue":"5","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,5]]}},"alternative-id":["10.2105\/AJPH.2019.305006"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2105\/ajph.2019.305006","relation":{},"ISSN":["0090-0036","1541-0048"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0090-0036","type":"print"},{"value":"1541-0048","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2019,5]]}}}