{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,23]],"date-time":"2026-06-23T13:27:35Z","timestamp":1782221255492,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":10,"publisher":"American Public Health Association","issue":"11","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Am J Public Health"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,11]]},"abstract":"<jats:p> In February 2003, Needham, Massachusetts, became the first town in the nation to raise the minimum legal sales age for tobacco and nicotine products to 21 years (Tobacco 21). This legislation marked a dramatic departure from existing state and federal laws, which generally set the minimum sales age at 18 years. The Needham law significantly preceded and ultimately heralded the emergence of a nationwide movement to raise such sales age. As of May 2019, 14 states and more than 450 cities and counties have passed legislation raising the minimum legal sales age for tobacco and nicotine products to 21 years, covering more than 30% of the United States\u2019 population. The National Academy of Medicine projects that this policy will lower tobacco use rates, particularly among adolescents, and save a substantial number of lives. This narration of the process that led to Needham\u2019s passing of Tobacco 21 legislation and to the growth and spread of the Tobacco 21 movement highlights the significant role of public health advocacy and policy in the control of tobacco, the leading preventable cause of disease and death in the United States. (Am J Public Health. 2019;109:1540\u20131547. doi: 10.2105\/AJPH. 2019.305209) <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.2105\/ajph.2019.305209","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,9,19]],"date-time":"2019-09-19T20:01:26Z","timestamp":1568923286000},"page":"1540-1547","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":22,"title":["The Emergence of the Tobacco 21 Movement From Needham, Massachusetts, to Throughout the United States (2003\u20132019)"],"prefix":"10.2105","volume":"109","author":[{"given":"Matthew J.","family":"Reynolds","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"At the time of the writing, Matthew J. Reynolds was an undergraduate student in the Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology at Harvard College, Cambridge, MA. Robert Crane is with The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus. Jonathan P. Winickoff is with Massachusetts General Hospital for Children and Harvard Medical School, Boston."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Robert","family":"Crane","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"At the time of the writing, Matthew J. Reynolds was an undergraduate student in the Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology at Harvard College, Cambridge, MA. Robert Crane is with The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus. Jonathan P. Winickoff is with Massachusetts General Hospital for Children and Harvard Medical School, Boston."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jonathan P.","family":"Winickoff","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"At the time of the writing, Matthew J. Reynolds was an undergraduate student in the Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology at Harvard College, Cambridge, MA. Robert Crane is with The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus. Jonathan P. Winickoff is with Massachusetts General Hospital for Children and Harvard Medical School, Boston."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"844","reference":[{"key":"bib1","author":"Dorie E","journal-title":"American Journal of Public Health"},{"key":"bib6","author":"Michael S","journal-title":"Tobacco Control"},{"key":"bib9","author":"DiFranza J. R.","journal-title":"American Journal of Public Health"},{"key":"bib35","author":"Ackerman A.","journal-title":"Nicotine & Tobacco Research"},{"key":"bib43","author":"Kessel Schneider S.","journal-title":"Tobacco Control"},{"key":"bib48","author":"Winickoff Jonathan P.","journal-title":"New England Journal of Medicine"},{"key":"bib54","author":"Brownson R. C.","journal-title":"Journal of Public Health Management and Practice"},{"key":"bib59","author":"Lawrence Wallack","journal-title":"Health Education Quarterly"},{"issue":"4","key":"bib70","first-page":"583","volume-title":"Attitudes Toward Raising the Minimum Age of Sale for Tobacco Among US Adults","volume":"49","author":"Kowitt S. D.","year":"2015"},{"key":"bib71","author":"Morain Stephanie R.","journal-title":"New England Journal of Medicine"}],"container-title":["American Journal of Public Health"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/ajph.aphapublications.org\/doi\/pdf\/10.2105\/AJPH.2019.305209","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2022,5,9]],"date-time":"2022-05-09T23:17:32Z","timestamp":1652138252000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/ajph.aphapublications.org\/doi\/full\/10.2105\/AJPH.2019.305209"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2019,11]]},"references-count":10,"journal-issue":{"issue":"11","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,11]]}},"alternative-id":["10.2105\/AJPH.2019.305209"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2105\/ajph.2019.305209","relation":{},"ISSN":["0090-0036","1541-0048"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0090-0036","type":"print"},{"value":"1541-0048","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2019,11]]}}}