{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,31]],"date-time":"2026-08-31T20:06:23Z","timestamp":1788206783463,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":45,"publisher":"American Public Health Association","issue":"S1","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Am J Public Health"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:p> Objectives. To examine rates of sexually transmitted infections as a function of jail and prison incarceration rates across US counties for the years 2011 to 2016. <\/jats:p><jats:p> Methods. We used data from several national databases. The outcomes were county-level chlamydia and gonorrhea incidence as reported by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (2012\u20132016). The exposures were lagged specifications of county-level jail and prison incarceration rates as reported by the Vera Institute of Justice (2011\u20132015). We estimated mixed models to account for the 3 sources of response variable variation occurring across repeated measures collected from counties nested within states. <\/jats:p><jats:p> Results. In the final model, jail and prison incarceration rates were associated with a rate increase of 10.13 per 100\u2009000 and 8.22 per 100\u2009000, respectively, of chlamydia incidence. The corresponding rate increases for gonorrhea incidence were 2.47 per 100\u2009000 and 4.40 per 100\u2009000. <\/jats:p><jats:p> Conclusions. These findings provide some evidence that the documented differences in chlamydia and gonorrhea incidence between counties may be partially attributable to differences in jail and prison incarceration rates. <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.2105\/ajph.2019.305425","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,1,22]],"date-time":"2020-01-22T21:02:31Z","timestamp":1579726951000},"page":"S130-S136","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":27,"title":["Incarceration Rates and Incidence of Sexually Transmitted Infections in US Counties, 2011\u20132016"],"prefix":"10.2105","volume":"110","author":[{"given":"Kathryn M.","family":"Nowotny","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Kathryn M. Nowotny, Melanie McKenna, and Joshua Kleinman are with the Department of Sociology, University of Miami, Coral Gables, FL. 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