{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,3]],"date-time":"2026-09-03T03:55:13Z","timestamp":1788407713049,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":29,"publisher":"American Public Health Association","issue":"5","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Am J Public Health"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,5]]},"abstract":"<jats:p> Transgender women (i.e., persons who were assigned male sex at birth but who live and identify as female) experience forms of discrimination that limit their access to stable housing and contribute to high rates of incarceration; once incarcerated, the approaches used to assign them housing within the jail or prison place them at risk for abuse, rape, and other outcomes. Yet, a paucity of studies explores the implications of carceral housing assignments for transgender women. <\/jats:p><jats:p> Whether the approaches used to assign housing in jails and prisons violate the rights of incarcerated transgender persons has been argued before the US federal courts under Section 1983 of the US Constitution, which allows persons who were raped while incarcerated to claim a violation of their Eighth Amendment rights. <\/jats:p><jats:p> Reforms and policy recommendations have been attempted; however, the results have been mixed and the public health implications have received limited attention. <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.2105\/ajph.2020.305565","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,3,19]],"date-time":"2020-03-19T20:00:26Z","timestamp":1584648026000},"page":"650-654","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":30,"title":["Health Implications of Housing Assignments for Incarcerated Transgender Women"],"prefix":"10.2105","volume":"110","author":[{"given":"Elida","family":"Ledesma","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Elida Ledesma is with the Arts for Incarcerated Youth Network and at the start of this project was with the Department of Community Health Sciences, Fielding School of Public Health, University of California at Los Angeles. Chandra L. Ford is with the Center for the Study of Racism, Social Justice & Health, Department of Community Health Sciences, Fielding School of Public Health, University of California at Los Angeles."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chandra L.","family":"Ford","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Elida Ledesma is with the Arts for Incarcerated Youth Network and at the start of this project was with the Department of Community Health Sciences, Fielding School of Public Health, University of California at Los Angeles. Chandra L. Ford is with the Center for the Study of Racism, Social Justice & Health, Department of Community Health Sciences, Fielding School of Public Health, University of California at Los Angeles."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"844","reference":[{"key":"bib1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2105\/AJPH.2018.304500"},{"key":"bib2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/00918369.2016.1157998"},{"key":"bib3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/1468-0009.12127"},{"key":"bib4","first-page":"331","volume-title":"Fenway Guide to Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, and Transgender Health","author":"Kaufman R.","year":"2008"},{"key":"bib7","volume-title":"The Health of Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, and Transgender People: Building a Foundation for Better Understanding","author":"Institute of Medicine Committee on Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, and Transgender Health Issues and Research Gaps and Opportunities","year":"2011"},{"issue":"2","key":"bib8","first-page":"239","volume":"18","author":"Oparah JC","year":"2012","journal-title":"UCLA Women\u2019s Law Journal"},{"key":"bib9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/03630242.2014.932891"},{"key":"bib10","unstructured":"Beck AJ, Berzofsky M, Caspar R, Krebs C. Sexual victimization in prisons and jails reported by inmates, 2011\u201312. Washington, DC: US Department of Justice; 2013:1\u2013108."},{"key":"bib11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/07418820903292284"},{"key":"bib12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0886260512468238"},{"issue":"89","key":"bib13","first-page":"9","volume":"21","author":"Hill T","year":"2014","journal-title":"UCLA Womens Law Journal"},{"key":"bib16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-0-387-31334-4_5"},{"key":"bib17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11524-015-9977-9"},{"issue":"6","key":"bib18","first-page":"1680","volume":"127","author":"Harvard Law Review","year":"2014","journal-title":"Development in the Law Sexual Orientation & Gender Identity"},{"issue":"4","key":"bib21","first-page":"1211","volume":"44","author":"Peek C","year":"2004","journal-title":"Santa Clara Law Rev"},{"key":"bib22","unstructured":"Makadon H, Mayer K, Potter J, Goldhammer H. The Fenway Guide to Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, and Transgender Health. Philadelphia, PA: American College of Physicians; 2008:337."},{"key":"bib23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2105\/AJPH.2013.301789"},{"key":"bib26","volume-title":"Principles of Transgender Medicine and Surgery","author":"Ettner R","year":"2007"},{"key":"bib27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-0-387-31334-4_26"},{"key":"bib28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF01541653"},{"key":"bib29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1300\/J082v51n03_04"},{"key":"bib30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.sexol.2006.04.002"},{"key":"bib33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-0-387-31334-4_10"},{"key":"bib34","volume-title":"The Transgender Community Health Project","year":"2019"},{"key":"bib35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1353\/hpu.0.0349"},{"key":"bib36","volume-title":"Golden Gulag: Prisons, Surplus, Crisis, and Opposition in Globalizing California","author":"Gilmore RW","year":"2007"},{"key":"bib38","volume-title":"Recommended model policies and standards for the Los Angeles Police Department\u2019s interaction with transgender individuals","author":"Bettcher T","year":"2010"},{"key":"bib39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2105\/AJPH.2018.304537"},{"key":"bib40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2017.10.004"}],"container-title":["American Journal of Public Health"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/ajph.aphapublications.org\/doi\/pdf\/10.2105\/AJPH.2020.305565","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2022,5,9]],"date-time":"2022-05-09T23:16:35Z","timestamp":1652138195000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/ajph.aphapublications.org\/doi\/full\/10.2105\/AJPH.2020.305565"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2020,5]]},"references-count":29,"journal-issue":{"issue":"5","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,5]]}},"alternative-id":["10.2105\/AJPH.2020.305565"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2105\/ajph.2020.305565","relation":{},"ISSN":["0090-0036","1541-0048"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0090-0036","type":"print"},{"value":"1541-0048","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2020,5]]}}}