{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,2]],"date-time":"2026-10-02T03:04:21Z","timestamp":1790910261299,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":18,"publisher":"American Public Health Association","issue":"11","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Am J Public Health"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,11]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Objectives. To assess costs of video and traditional in-person directly observed therapy (DOT) for tuberculosis (TB) treatment to health departments and patients in New York City, Rhode Island, and San Francisco, California.<\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>Methods. We collected health department costs for video DOT (VDOT; live and recorded), and in-person DOT (field- and clinic-based). Time\u2013motion surveys estimated provider time and cost. A separate survey collected patient costs. We used a regression model to estimate cost by DOT type.<\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>Results. Between August 2017 and June 2018, 343 DOT sessions were captured from 225 patients; 87 completed a survey. Patient costs were lowest for VDOT live ($1.01) and highest for clinic DOT ($34.53). The societal (health department + patient) costs of VDOT live and recorded ($6.65 and $12.64, respectively) were less than field and clinic DOT ($21.40 and $46.11, respectively). VDOT recorded health department cost was not statistically different from field DOT cost in Rhode Island.<\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>Conclusions. Among the 4 different modalities, both types of VDOT were associated with lower societal costs when compared with traditional forms of DOT.<\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>Public Health Implications. VDOT was associated with lower costs from the societal perspective and may reduce public health costs when TB incidence is high.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.2105\/ajph.2020.305877","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,9,17]],"date-time":"2020-09-17T15:59:56Z","timestamp":1600358396000},"page":"1696-1703","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":30,"title":["Cost of Tuberculosis Therapy Directly Observed on Video for Health Departments and Patients in New York City; San Francisco, California; and Rhode Island (2017\u20132018)"],"prefix":"10.2105","volume":"110","author":[{"given":"Garrett R.","family":"Beeler Asay","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Garrett R. Beeler Asay, Chee Kin Lam, Brock Stewart, Joan M. Mangan, Suzanne M. Marks, Sapna Bamrah Morris, Andrew N. Hill, and Anila Thomas are with the Division of Tuberculosis Elimination; National Center for HIV\/AIDS, Viral Hepatitis, STD and TB Prevention; Atlanta, GA. Laura Romo, Chris E. Keh, and Teresita J. Ampie are with the San Francisco Department of Public Health, Population Health Division, Disease Prevention and Control Branch, Tuberculosis Prevention and Control, San Francisco, CA...."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chee Kin","family":"Lam","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Garrett R. Beeler Asay, Chee Kin Lam, Brock Stewart, Joan M. Mangan, Suzanne M. Marks, Sapna Bamrah Morris, Andrew N. Hill, and Anila Thomas are with the Division of Tuberculosis Elimination; National Center for HIV\/AIDS, Viral Hepatitis, STD and TB Prevention; Atlanta, GA. Laura Romo, Chris E. Keh, and Teresita J. Ampie are with the San Francisco Department of Public Health, Population Health Division, Disease Prevention and Control Branch, Tuberculosis Prevention and Control, San Francisco, CA...."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Brock","family":"Stewart","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Garrett R. Beeler Asay, Chee Kin Lam, Brock Stewart, Joan M. Mangan, Suzanne M. Marks, Sapna Bamrah Morris, Andrew N. Hill, and Anila Thomas are with the Division of Tuberculosis Elimination; National Center for HIV\/AIDS, Viral Hepatitis, STD and TB Prevention; Atlanta, GA. Laura Romo, Chris E. Keh, and Teresita J. Ampie are with the San Francisco Department of Public Health, Population Health Division, Disease Prevention and Control Branch, Tuberculosis Prevention and Control, San Francisco, CA...."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Joan M.","family":"Mangan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Garrett R. Beeler Asay, Chee Kin Lam, Brock Stewart, Joan M. Mangan, Suzanne M. Marks, Sapna Bamrah Morris, Andrew N. Hill, and Anila Thomas are with the Division of Tuberculosis Elimination; National Center for HIV\/AIDS, Viral Hepatitis, STD and TB Prevention; Atlanta, GA. Laura Romo, Chris E. Keh, and Teresita J. Ampie are with the San Francisco Department of Public Health, Population Health Division, Disease Prevention and Control Branch, Tuberculosis Prevention and Control, San Francisco, CA...."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Laura","family":"Romo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Garrett R. Beeler Asay, Chee Kin Lam, Brock Stewart, Joan M. Mangan, Suzanne M. Marks, Sapna Bamrah Morris, Andrew N. Hill, and Anila Thomas are with the Division of Tuberculosis Elimination; National Center for HIV\/AIDS, Viral Hepatitis, STD and TB Prevention; Atlanta, GA. Laura Romo, Chris E. Keh, and Teresita J. Ampie are with the San Francisco Department of Public Health, Population Health Division, Disease Prevention and Control Branch, Tuberculosis Prevention and Control, San Francisco, CA...."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Suzanne M.","family":"Marks","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Garrett R. Beeler Asay, Chee Kin Lam, Brock Stewart, Joan M. Mangan, Suzanne M. Marks, Sapna Bamrah Morris, Andrew N. Hill, and Anila Thomas are with the Division of Tuberculosis Elimination; National Center for HIV\/AIDS, Viral Hepatitis, STD and TB Prevention; Atlanta, GA. Laura Romo, Chris E. Keh, and Teresita J. Ampie are with the San Francisco Department of Public Health, Population Health Division, Disease Prevention and Control Branch, Tuberculosis Prevention and Control, San Francisco, CA...."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sapna Bamrah","family":"Morris","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Garrett R. Beeler Asay, Chee Kin Lam, Brock Stewart, Joan M. Mangan, Suzanne M. Marks, Sapna Bamrah Morris, Andrew N. Hill, and Anila Thomas are with the Division of Tuberculosis Elimination; National Center for HIV\/AIDS, Viral Hepatitis, STD and TB Prevention; Atlanta, GA. Laura Romo, Chris E. Keh, and Teresita J. Ampie are with the San Francisco Department of Public Health, Population Health Division, Disease Prevention and Control Branch, Tuberculosis Prevention and Control, San Francisco, CA...."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Caroline L.","family":"Gummo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Garrett R. Beeler Asay, Chee Kin Lam, Brock Stewart, Joan M. Mangan, Suzanne M. Marks, Sapna Bamrah Morris, Andrew N. Hill, and Anila Thomas are with the Division of Tuberculosis Elimination; National Center for HIV\/AIDS, Viral Hepatitis, STD and TB Prevention; Atlanta, GA. Laura Romo, Chris E. Keh, and Teresita J. Ampie are with the San Francisco Department of Public Health, Population Health Division, Disease Prevention and Control Branch, Tuberculosis Prevention and Control, San Francisco, CA...."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chris E.","family":"Keh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Garrett R. Beeler Asay, Chee Kin Lam, Brock Stewart, Joan M. Mangan, Suzanne M. Marks, Sapna Bamrah Morris, Andrew N. Hill, and Anila Thomas are with the Division of Tuberculosis Elimination; National Center for HIV\/AIDS, Viral Hepatitis, STD and TB Prevention; Atlanta, GA. Laura Romo, Chris E. Keh, and Teresita J. Ampie are with the San Francisco Department of Public Health, Population Health Division, Disease Prevention and Control Branch, Tuberculosis Prevention and Control, San Francisco, CA...."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Andrew N.","family":"Hill","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Garrett R. Beeler Asay, Chee Kin Lam, Brock Stewart, Joan M. Mangan, Suzanne M. Marks, Sapna Bamrah Morris, Andrew N. Hill, and Anila Thomas are with the Division of Tuberculosis Elimination; National Center for HIV\/AIDS, Viral Hepatitis, STD and TB Prevention; Atlanta, GA. Laura Romo, Chris E. Keh, and Teresita J. Ampie are with the San Francisco Department of Public Health, Population Health Division, Disease Prevention and Control Branch, Tuberculosis Prevention and Control, San Francisco, CA...."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anila","family":"Thomas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Garrett R. Beeler Asay, Chee Kin Lam, Brock Stewart, Joan M. Mangan, Suzanne M. Marks, Sapna Bamrah Morris, Andrew N. Hill, and Anila Thomas are with the Division of Tuberculosis Elimination; National Center for HIV\/AIDS, Viral Hepatitis, STD and TB Prevention; Atlanta, GA. Laura Romo, Chris E. Keh, and Teresita J. Ampie are with the San Francisco Department of Public Health, Population Health Division, Disease Prevention and Control Branch, Tuberculosis Prevention and Control, San Francisco, CA...."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michelle","family":"Macaraig","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Garrett R. Beeler Asay, Chee Kin Lam, Brock Stewart, Joan M. Mangan, Suzanne M. Marks, Sapna Bamrah Morris, Andrew N. Hill, and Anila Thomas are with the Division of Tuberculosis Elimination; National Center for HIV\/AIDS, Viral Hepatitis, STD and TB Prevention; Atlanta, GA. Laura Romo, Chris E. Keh, and Teresita J. Ampie are with the San Francisco Department of Public Health, Population Health Division, Disease Prevention and Control Branch, Tuberculosis Prevention and Control, San Francisco, CA...."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kristen","family":"St John","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Garrett R. Beeler Asay, Chee Kin Lam, Brock Stewart, Joan M. Mangan, Suzanne M. Marks, Sapna Bamrah Morris, Andrew N. Hill, and Anila Thomas are with the Division of Tuberculosis Elimination; National Center for HIV\/AIDS, Viral Hepatitis, STD and TB Prevention; Atlanta, GA. Laura Romo, Chris E. Keh, and Teresita J. Ampie are with the San Francisco Department of Public Health, Population Health Division, Disease Prevention and Control Branch, Tuberculosis Prevention and Control, San Francisco, CA...."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Teresita","family":"J. Ampie","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Garrett R. Beeler Asay, Chee Kin Lam, Brock Stewart, Joan M. Mangan, Suzanne M. Marks, Sapna Bamrah Morris, Andrew N. Hill, and Anila Thomas are with the Division of Tuberculosis Elimination; National Center for HIV\/AIDS, Viral Hepatitis, STD and TB Prevention; Atlanta, GA. Laura Romo, Chris E. Keh, and Teresita J. Ampie are with the San Francisco Department of Public Health, Population Health Division, Disease Prevention and Control Branch, Tuberculosis Prevention and Control, San Francisco, CA...."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Christine","family":"Chuck","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Garrett R. Beeler Asay, Chee Kin Lam, Brock Stewart, Joan M. Mangan, Suzanne M. Marks, Sapna Bamrah Morris, Andrew N. Hill, and Anila Thomas are with the Division of Tuberculosis Elimination; National Center for HIV\/AIDS, Viral Hepatitis, STD and TB Prevention; Atlanta, GA. Laura Romo, Chris E. Keh, and Teresita J. Ampie are with the San Francisco Department of Public Health, Population Health Division, Disease Prevention and Control Branch, Tuberculosis Prevention and Control, San Francisco, CA...."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Joseph","family":"Burzynski","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Garrett R. Beeler Asay, Chee Kin Lam, Brock Stewart, Joan M. Mangan, Suzanne M. Marks, Sapna Bamrah Morris, Andrew N. Hill, and Anila Thomas are with the Division of Tuberculosis Elimination; National Center for HIV\/AIDS, Viral Hepatitis, STD and TB Prevention; Atlanta, GA. Laura Romo, Chris E. Keh, and Teresita J. 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