{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,10]],"date-time":"2026-01-10T09:56:15Z","timestamp":1768038975061,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":31,"publisher":"American Public Health Association","issue":"1","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Am J Public Health"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:p> Objectives. To identify associations between patient race and annual chlamydia screening among adolescent females. <\/jats:p><jats:p> Methods. We performed a retrospective cohort study of females aged 15 to 19 years in a 31-clinic pediatric primary care network in Pennsylvania and New Jersey from 2015 through 2019. Using mixed-effect logistic regressions, we estimated associations between annual chlamydia screening and patient (race\/ethnicity, age, previous chlamydia screening and infection, insurance type) and clinic (size, setting) characteristics. We decomposed potential effects of clinician\u2019s implicit racial bias and screening, using covariates measuring the proportion of Black patients in each clinician\u2019s practice. <\/jats:p><jats:p> Results. There were 68\u2009935 well visits among 37\u2009817 females, who were 28.8% Black and 25.8% Medicaid insured. The mean annual chlamydia screening rate was 11.1%. Black females had higher odds of screening (adjusted odds ratio [AOR]\u2009=\u20091.67; 95% confidence interval [CI]\u2009=\u20091.51, 1.84) than did White females. In the clinician characteristics model, individual clinicians were more likely to screen their Black versus non-Black patients (AOR\u2009=\u20091.88; 95% CI\u2009=\u20091.65, 2.15). <\/jats:p><jats:p> Conclusions. Racial bias may affect screening practices and should be addressed in future interventions, given the critical need to increase population-level chlamydia screening.(Am J Public Health. 2022;112(1):135\u2013143. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2105\/AJPH.2021.306498 ) <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.2105\/ajph.2021.306498","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,12,22]],"date-time":"2021-12-22T21:02:45Z","timestamp":1640206965000},"page":"135-143","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":12,"title":["Inequities in <i>Chlamydia trachomatis<\/i> Screening Between Black and White Adolescents in a Large Pediatric Primary Care Network, 2015\u20132019"],"prefix":"10.2105","volume":"112","author":[{"given":"Sarah","family":"Wood","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Sarah Wood and Danielle Petsis are with the PolicyLab and Center for Pediatric Clinical Effectiveness, Children\u2019s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA. Jungwon Min and Vicky Tam are with the Department of Biostatistics and Health Informatics, Children\u2019s Hospital of Philadelphia. Julia Pickel is with the Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC. Kenisha Campbell is with the Craig-Dalsimer Division of Adolescent Medicine, Children\u2019s Hospital of Philadelphia."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jungwon","family":"Min","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Sarah Wood and Danielle Petsis are with the PolicyLab and Center for Pediatric Clinical Effectiveness, Children\u2019s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA. Jungwon Min and Vicky Tam are with the Department of Biostatistics and Health Informatics, Children\u2019s Hospital of Philadelphia. Julia Pickel is with the Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC. Kenisha Campbell is with the Craig-Dalsimer Division of Adolescent Medicine, Children\u2019s Hospital of Philadelphia."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Vicky","family":"Tam","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Sarah Wood and Danielle Petsis are with the PolicyLab and Center for Pediatric Clinical Effectiveness, Children\u2019s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA. Jungwon Min and Vicky Tam are with the Department of Biostatistics and Health Informatics, Children\u2019s Hospital of Philadelphia. Julia Pickel is with the Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC. Kenisha Campbell is with the Craig-Dalsimer Division of Adolescent Medicine, Children\u2019s Hospital of Philadelphia."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Julia","family":"Pickel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Sarah Wood and Danielle Petsis are with the PolicyLab and Center for Pediatric Clinical Effectiveness, Children\u2019s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA. Jungwon Min and Vicky Tam are with the Department of Biostatistics and Health Informatics, Children\u2019s Hospital of Philadelphia. Julia Pickel is with the Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC. Kenisha Campbell is with the Craig-Dalsimer Division of Adolescent Medicine, Children\u2019s Hospital of Philadelphia."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Danielle","family":"Petsis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Sarah Wood and Danielle Petsis are with the PolicyLab and Center for Pediatric Clinical Effectiveness, Children\u2019s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA. Jungwon Min and Vicky Tam are with the Department of Biostatistics and Health Informatics, Children\u2019s Hospital of Philadelphia. Julia Pickel is with the Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC. Kenisha Campbell is with the Craig-Dalsimer Division of Adolescent Medicine, Children\u2019s Hospital of Philadelphia."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Kenisha","family":"Campbell","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Sarah Wood and Danielle Petsis are with the PolicyLab and Center for Pediatric Clinical Effectiveness, Children\u2019s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA. Jungwon Min and Vicky Tam are with the Department of Biostatistics and Health Informatics, Children\u2019s Hospital of Philadelphia. Julia Pickel is with the Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC. Kenisha Campbell is with the Craig-Dalsimer Division of Adolescent Medicine, Children\u2019s Hospital of Philadelphia."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"844","reference":[{"key":"bib3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/OLQ.0000000000001355"},{"issue":"4","key":"bib4","first-page":"300","volume":"95","author":"Hoenderboom BM","year":"2019","journal-title":"Sex Transm Infect."},{"key":"bib5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM199605233342103"},{"key":"bib6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/OLQ.0000000000001380"},{"key":"bib10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amepre.2010.02.008"},{"key":"bib12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2014-2299"},{"issue":"2","key":"bib13","first-page":"80","volume":"63","author":"Centers for Disease Control and Prevention","year":"2014","journal-title":"MMWR Suppl."},{"key":"bib14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF03404865"},{"key":"bib15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jadohealth.2016.01.002"},{"key":"bib16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2019-2056K"},{"key":"bib17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/OLQ.0b013e3181e50044"},{"key":"bib18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/ciy099"},{"key":"bib19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1363\/3713505"},{"key":"bib20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/OLQ.0b013e31829529cf"},{"key":"bib21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2105\/AJPH.2015.302903"},{"key":"bib22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2010-0967"},{"key":"bib23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/OLQ.0000000000000686"},{"key":"bib25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2013-3232"},{"issue":"8","key":"bib26","first-page":"435","volume":"28","author":"Tao G","year":"2002","journal-title":"Jt Comm J Qual Improv."},{"key":"bib27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/EDE.0000000000000105"},{"key":"bib28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2012-2500"},{"key":"bib29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jsxm.2020.04.391"},{"issue":"5","key":"bib30","first-page":"314","volume":"71","author":"Betancourt JR","year":"2004","journal-title":"Mt Sinai J Med."},{"key":"bib31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.annepidem.2008.03.002"},{"key":"bib32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2020.26188"},{"key":"bib33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2015-1082"},{"key":"bib34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpag.2018.10.004"},{"key":"bib35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2334-11-211"},{"key":"bib36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.288.22.2846"},{"issue":"6","key":"bib37","first-page":"326","volume":"46","author":"Elattma A","year":"2020","journal-title":"Jt Comm J Qual Patient Saf."},{"key":"bib38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.contraception.2019.11.002"}],"container-title":["American Journal of Public Health"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/ajph.aphapublications.org\/doi\/pdf\/10.2105\/AJPH.2021.306498","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2022,5,10]],"date-time":"2022-05-10T01:10:30Z","timestamp":1652145030000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/ajph.aphapublications.org\/doi\/full\/10.2105\/AJPH.2021.306498"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2022,1]]},"references-count":31,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,1]]}},"alternative-id":["10.2105\/AJPH.2021.306498"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2105\/ajph.2021.306498","relation":{},"ISSN":["0090-0036","1541-0048"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0090-0036","type":"print"},{"value":"1541-0048","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2022,1]]}}}