{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,2]],"date-time":"2026-05-02T09:20:30Z","timestamp":1777713630379,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":22,"publisher":"American Public Health Association","issue":"8","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Am J Public Health"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,8]]},"abstract":"<jats:p> Objectives. To identify promising practices for implementing COVID-19 vaccination sites. <\/jats:p><jats:p> Methods. The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) and Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA) assessed high-throughput COVID-19 vaccination sites across the United States, including Puerto Rico, after COVID-19 vaccinations began. Site assessors conducted site observations and interviews with site staff. Qualitative data were compiled and thematically analyzed. <\/jats:p><jats:p> Results. CDC and FEMA conducted 134 assessments of high-throughput vaccination sites in 25 states and Puerto Rico from February 12 to May 28, 2021. Promising practices were identified across facility, clinical, and cross-cutting operational areas and related to 6 main themes: addressing health equity, leveraging partnerships, optimizing site design and flow, communicating through visual cues, using quick response codes, and prioritizing risk management and quality control. <\/jats:p><jats:p> Conclusions. These practices might help planning and implementation of future vaccination operations for COVID-19, influenza, and other vaccine-preventable diseases. <\/jats:p><jats:p> Public Health Implications. These practices can be considered by vaccination planners and providers to strengthen their vaccination site plans and implementation of future high-throughput vaccination sites. (Am J Public Health. 2023;113(8):909\u2013918. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2105\/AJPH.2023.307331 ) <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.2105\/ajph.2023.307331","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,6]],"date-time":"2023-09-06T20:08:12Z","timestamp":1694030892000},"page":"909-918","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Promising Practices Observed in High-Throughput COVID-19 Vaccination Sites in the United States, February\u2013May 2021"],"prefix":"10.2105","volume":"113","author":[{"given":"Caitlin E.","family":"McColloch","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"All authors are with the COVID-19 Response\u2019s Vaccine Task Force, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), Atlanta, GA."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Marsha E.","family":"Samson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"All authors are with the COVID-19 Response\u2019s Vaccine Task Force, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), Atlanta, GA."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"KaeAnne","family":"Parris","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"All authors are with the COVID-19 Response\u2019s Vaccine Task Force, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), Atlanta, GA."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Amy","family":"Stewart","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"All authors are with the COVID-19 Response\u2019s Vaccine Task Force, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), Atlanta, GA."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Judith A.","family":"Robinson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"All authors are with the COVID-19 Response\u2019s Vaccine Task Force, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), Atlanta, GA."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Barbara","family":"Cooper","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"All authors are with the COVID-19 Response\u2019s Vaccine Task Force, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), Atlanta, GA."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Eboni","family":"Galloway","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"All authors are with the COVID-19 Response\u2019s Vaccine Task Force, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), Atlanta, GA."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Robert","family":"Garcia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"All authors are with the COVID-19 Response\u2019s Vaccine Task Force, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), Atlanta, GA."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Zunera","family":"Gilani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"All authors are with the COVID-19 Response\u2019s Vaccine Task Force, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), Atlanta, GA."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Bina","family":"Jayapaul-Philip","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"All authors are with the COVID-19 Response\u2019s Vaccine Task Force, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), Atlanta, GA."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Paul","family":"Lucas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"All authors are with the COVID-19 Response\u2019s Vaccine Task Force, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), Atlanta, GA."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Kimberly H.","family":"Nguyen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"All authors are with the COVID-19 Response\u2019s Vaccine Task Force, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), Atlanta, GA."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Rebecca S.","family":"Noe","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"All authors are with the COVID-19 Response\u2019s Vaccine Task Force, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), Atlanta, GA."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Aim\u00e9e-Rika T.","family":"Trudeau","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"All authors are with the COVID-19 Response\u2019s Vaccine Task Force, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), Atlanta, GA."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Erin D.","family":"Kennedy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"All authors are with the COVID-19 Response\u2019s Vaccine Task Force, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), Atlanta, GA."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"844","reference":[{"key":"bib2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/bsp.2010.0043"},{"issue":"18","key":"bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e67","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMp2102535","volume":"384","author":"Goralnick E","year":"2021","journal-title":"N Engl J Med."},{"key":"bib13","first-page":"133","volume-title":"Analyzing and Interpreting Qualitative Research: After the Interview.","author":"Bingham AJ","year":"2021"},{"key":"bib14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2105\/AJPH.2014.302200"},{"issue":"11","key":"bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1643","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2021.04.013","volume":"40","author":"Kini A","year":"2022","journal-title":"Vaccine."},{"issue":"9","key":"bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"335","DOI":"10.15585\/mmwr.mm7109a2","volume":"71","author":"Saelee R","year":"2022","journal-title":"MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep."},{"issue":"7","key":"bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e2115653","DOI":"10.1001\/jamanetworkopen.2021.15653","volume":"4","author":"Hardeman A","year":"2021","journal-title":"JAMA Netw Open."},{"key":"bib18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2105\/AJPH.93.7.1041"},{"key":"bib19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2105\/AJPH.2019.304958"},{"issue":"5","key":"bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1003","DOI":"10.3122\/jabfm.2021.05.210091","volume":"34","author":"Viera AJ","year":"2021","journal-title":"J Am Board Fam Med."},{"key":"bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e60","DOI":"10.1017\/dmp.2021.319","volume":"17","author":"Goldbert SA","year":"2021","journal-title":"Disaster Med Public Health Prep."},{"issue":"2","key":"bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S168","DOI":"10.2105\/AJPH.2017.303953","volume":"107","author":"Swift MD","year":"2017","journal-title":"Am J Public Health."},{"issue":"1","key":"bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"89","DOI":"10.1177\/14653125211031568","volume":"49","author":"Sharara S","year":"2022","journal-title":"J Orthod."},{"issue":"6","key":"bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1321","DOI":"10.1038\/s41433-021-01757-x","volume":"36","author":"Azad A","year":"2022","journal-title":"Eye (Lond)."},{"issue":"1","key":"bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1093\/ijcoms\/lyab014","volume":"1","author":"Lachman P","year":"2021","journal-title":"IJQHC Communications."},{"issue":"1","key":"bib29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"39","DOI":"10.1097\/JHQ.0000000000000265","volume":"43","author":"Reed JH","year":"2021","journal-title":"J Healthc Qual."},{"issue":"6","key":"bib30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3635","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph19063635","volume":"19","author":"Tocco Tussardi I","year":"2022","journal-title":"Int J Environ Res Public Health."},{"issue":"12","key":"bib31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1158","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ifacol.2016.07.660","volume":"49","author":"Tay HL.","year":"2016","journal-title":"IFAC-PapersOnLine."},{"issue":"1","key":"bib32","first-page":"15","volume":"49","author":"McKibben LJ","year":"2000","journal-title":"MMWR Recomm Rep."},{"issue":"8","key":"bib33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1183","DOI":"10.7326\/M22-1763","volume":"175","author":"Palmore TN","year":"2022","journal-title":"Ann Intern Med."},{"key":"bib34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e069317","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj-2021-069317","volume":"337","author":"Suthar AB.","year":"2022","journal-title":"BMJ."},{"key":"bib35","author":"Cho B","year":"2022","journal-title":"SSRN."}],"container-title":["American Journal of Public Health"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/ajph.aphapublications.org\/doi\/pdf\/10.2105\/AJPH.2023.307331","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,8]],"date-time":"2023-09-08T17:45:04Z","timestamp":1694195104000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/ajph.aphapublications.org\/doi\/full\/10.2105\/AJPH.2023.307331"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2023,8]]},"references-count":22,"journal-issue":{"issue":"8","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,8]]}},"alternative-id":["10.2105\/AJPH.2023.307331"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2105\/ajph.2023.307331","relation":{},"ISSN":["0090-0036","1541-0048"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0090-0036","type":"print"},{"value":"1541-0048","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2023,8]]}}}