{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,17]],"date-time":"2026-10-17T20:09:39Z","timestamp":1792267779473,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":18,"publisher":"American Public Health Association","issue":"2","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Am J Public Health"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,2]]},"abstract":"<jats:p> Objectives. To examine impacts of racial and ethnic disaggregation on the characterization of tuberculosis (TB) epidemiology among American Indian and Alaska Native (AI\/AN) persons in the United States. <\/jats:p><jats:p> Methods. Using data reported to the National Tuberculosis Surveillance System during 2001 to 2020, we compared annual age-adjusted TB incidence and the frequency of TB risk factors among 3 AI\/AN analytic groups: non-Hispanic AI\/AN alone persons, multiracial\/Hispanic AI\/AN persons, and all AI\/AN persons (aggregate of the first 2 groups). <\/jats:p><jats:p> Results. During 2009 to 2020, annual TB incidence (cases per 100\u2009000 persons) among non-Hispanic AI\/AN alone persons (range\u2009=\u20093.87\u20138.56) was on average 1.9 times higher than among all AI\/AN persons (range\u2009=\u20091.89\u20134.70). Compared with non-Hispanic AI\/AN alone patients with TB, multiracial\/Hispanic AI\/AN patients were significantly more likely to be HIV positive (prevalence ratio [PR]\u2009=\u20092.05) and to have been diagnosed while a resident of a correctional facility (PR\u2009=\u20091.71), and significantly less likely to have experienced homelessness (PR\u2009=\u20090.53) or died during TB treatment (PR\u2009=\u20090.47). <\/jats:p><jats:p> Conclusions. Racial and ethnic disaggregation revealed significant differences in TB epidemiology among AI\/AN analytic groups. Exclusion of multiracial\/Hispanic AI\/AN persons from AI\/AN analytic groups can substantively affect estimates of racial and ethnic health disparities. ( Am J Public Health. 2024;114(2):226\u2013236. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2105\/AJPH.2023.307498 ) <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.2105\/ajph.2023.307498","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,9]],"date-time":"2024-02-09T21:01:26Z","timestamp":1707512486000},"page":"226-236","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Racial and Ethnic Disaggregation of Tuberculosis Incidence and Risk Factors Among American Indian and Alaska Native Persons\u2014United States, 2001\u20132020"],"prefix":"10.2105","volume":"114","author":[{"given":"Yuri P.","family":"Springer","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Yuri P. Springer, Thomas D. Filardo, Rachel S. Woodruff, and Julie L. Self are with the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, National Center for HIV, Viral Hepatitis, STD, and TB Prevention, Division of Tuberculosis Elimination, Atlanta, GA. Thomas D. Filardo is also with the Epidemic Intelligence Service, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, National Center for State, Tribal, Local, and Territorial Public Health Infrastructure and Workforce, Division of Workforce Development, Atlanta, GA."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Thomas D.","family":"Filardo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Yuri P. Springer, Thomas D. Filardo, Rachel S. Woodruff, and Julie L. Self are with the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, National Center for HIV, Viral Hepatitis, STD, and TB Prevention, Division of Tuberculosis Elimination, Atlanta, GA. Thomas D. Filardo is also with the Epidemic Intelligence Service, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, National Center for State, Tribal, Local, and Territorial Public Health Infrastructure and Workforce, Division of Workforce Development, Atlanta, GA."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rachel S.","family":"Woodruff","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Yuri P. Springer, Thomas D. Filardo, Rachel S. Woodruff, and Julie L. Self are with the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, National Center for HIV, Viral Hepatitis, STD, and TB Prevention, Division of Tuberculosis Elimination, Atlanta, GA. Thomas D. Filardo is also with the Epidemic Intelligence Service, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, National Center for State, Tribal, Local, and Territorial Public Health Infrastructure and Workforce, Division of Workforce Development, Atlanta, GA."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9584-7041","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Julie L.","family":"Self","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Yuri P. Springer, Thomas D. Filardo, Rachel S. Woodruff, and Julie L. Self are with the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, National Center for HIV, Viral Hepatitis, STD, and TB Prevention, Division of Tuberculosis Elimination, Atlanta, GA. Thomas D. Filardo is also with the Epidemic Intelligence Service, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, National Center for State, Tribal, Local, and Territorial Public Health Infrastructure and Workforce, Division of Workforce Development, Atlanta, GA."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"844","reference":[{"issue":"210","key":"bib1","first-page":"58782","volume":"62","author":"Office of Management and Budget","year":"1997","journal-title":"Fed Regist."},{"key":"bib2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11113-020-09635-2"},{"key":"bib3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.15585\/mmwr.mm6934e1"},{"key":"bib4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2105\/AJPH.2014.301933"},{"key":"bib5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2105\/AJPH.2022.307043"},{"key":"bib6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pedhc.2020.12.002"},{"key":"bib7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11113-020-09631-6"},{"key":"bib9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11113-020-09633-4"},{"key":"bib10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11113-020-09629-0"},{"key":"bib11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11113-020-09632-5"},{"key":"bib12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11113-020-09634-3"},{"key":"bib13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1353\/hpu.2022.0110"},{"key":"bib14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s40615-021-01112-6"},{"key":"bib17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/1753-0407.12122"},{"issue":"200","key":"bib18","first-page":"1","volume":"2","author":"Parker JD","year":"2023","journal-title":"Vital Health Stat."},{"key":"bib19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/aje\/kwv121"},{"key":"bib23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s13524-016-0544-0"},{"key":"bib24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3233\/SJI-190495"}],"container-title":["American Journal of Public Health"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/ajph.aphapublications.org\/doi\/pdf\/10.2105\/AJPH.2023.307498","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,9]],"date-time":"2024-02-09T21:03:37Z","timestamp":1707512617000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/ajph.aphapublications.org\/doi\/full\/10.2105\/AJPH.2023.307498"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,2]]},"references-count":18,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,2]]}},"alternative-id":["10.2105\/AJPH.2023.307498"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2105\/ajph.2023.307498","relation":{},"ISSN":["0090-0036","1541-0048"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0090-0036","type":"print"},{"value":"1541-0048","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,2]]}}}