{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,31]],"date-time":"2026-10-31T02:33:48Z","timestamp":1793414028694,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":33,"publisher":"American Public Health Association","issue":"9","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Am J Public Health"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:p> African immigrants in the United States are disproportionately affected by HIV yet remain overlooked in public health strategies such as the Ending the HIV Epidemic (EHE) initiative. Many reside in EHE-prioritized counties, but their categorization under the broad \u201cBlack\/African American\u201d label obscures their distinct pathways to HIV acquisition and barriers to care. <\/jats:p><jats:p> We explore how African immigrants can be more effectively prioritized in the EHE framework. We examine key challenges, including stigma, cultural and linguistic barriers, and structural inequities, that limit access to prevention and treatment services. Additionally, sociocultural factors, such as traditional health beliefs and immigration-related stressors, exacerbate these barriers. <\/jats:p><jats:p> We propose actionable strategies to address these gaps, including disaggregated data collection, culturally tailored interventions, and partnerships with African immigrant communities. By aligning EHE efforts with the unique needs of this population, public health strategies can better address disparities and advance equity in the fight to end the HIV epidemic. ( Am J Public Health. 2025;115(9):1490\u20131499. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2105\/AJPH.2025.308160 ) <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.2105\/ajph.2025.308160","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,18]],"date-time":"2025-06-18T16:01:15Z","timestamp":1750262475000},"page":"1490-1499","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["African Immigrants and the End of the HIV Epidemic in the United States: Actionable Recommendations to Enhance Equity"],"prefix":"10.2105","volume":"115","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4658-2953","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Gloria","family":"Aidoo-Frimpong","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Gloria Aidoo-Frimpong is with the Department of Epidemiology and Environmental Health, School of Public Health and Health Professions, University at Buffalo, State University of New York, Buffalo. Emmanuel Koku is with the Department of Sociology, Drexel University, Philadelphia, PA. Nipher Malika is with the RAND Corporation, Santa Monica, CA. Chioma Nnaji is with the Multicultural AIDS Coalition, Boston, MA. Roxanne Kerani is with the Department of Medicine, Division of Allergy & Infectious Diseases, University of Washington, Seattle, and Public Health\u2013Seattle & King County, Seattle."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Emmanuel","family":"Koku","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Gloria Aidoo-Frimpong is with the Department of Epidemiology and Environmental Health, School of Public Health and Health Professions, University at Buffalo, State University of New York, Buffalo. Emmanuel Koku is with the Department of Sociology, Drexel University, Philadelphia, PA. Nipher Malika is with the RAND Corporation, Santa Monica, CA. Chioma Nnaji is with the Multicultural AIDS Coalition, Boston, MA. Roxanne Kerani is with the Department of Medicine, Division of Allergy & Infectious Diseases, University of Washington, Seattle, and Public Health\u2013Seattle & King County, Seattle."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5887-5481","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Nipher","family":"Malika","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Gloria Aidoo-Frimpong is with the Department of Epidemiology and Environmental Health, School of Public Health and Health Professions, University at Buffalo, State University of New York, Buffalo. Emmanuel Koku is with the Department of Sociology, Drexel University, Philadelphia, PA. Nipher Malika is with the RAND Corporation, Santa Monica, CA. Chioma Nnaji is with the Multicultural AIDS Coalition, Boston, MA. Roxanne Kerani is with the Department of Medicine, Division of Allergy & Infectious Diseases, University of Washington, Seattle, and Public Health\u2013Seattle & King County, Seattle."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8512-7913","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Chioma","family":"Nnaji","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Gloria Aidoo-Frimpong is with the Department of Epidemiology and Environmental Health, School of Public Health and Health Professions, University at Buffalo, State University of New York, Buffalo. Emmanuel Koku is with the Department of Sociology, Drexel University, Philadelphia, PA. Nipher Malika is with the RAND Corporation, Santa Monica, CA. Chioma Nnaji is with the Multicultural AIDS Coalition, Boston, MA. Roxanne Kerani is with the Department of Medicine, Division of Allergy & Infectious Diseases, University of Washington, Seattle, and Public Health\u2013Seattle & King County, Seattle."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Roxanne","family":"Kerani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Gloria Aidoo-Frimpong is with the Department of Epidemiology and Environmental Health, School of Public Health and Health Professions, University at Buffalo, State University of New York, Buffalo. Emmanuel Koku is with the Department of Sociology, Drexel University, Philadelphia, PA. Nipher Malika is with the RAND Corporation, Santa Monica, CA. Chioma Nnaji is with the Multicultural AIDS Coalition, Boston, MA. Roxanne Kerani is with the Department of Medicine, Division of Allergy & Infectious Diseases, University of Washington, Seattle, and Public Health\u2013Seattle & King County, Seattle."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"844","reference":[{"key":"bib1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2105\/AJPH.2022.306734"},{"key":"bib2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10903-023-01515-z"},{"key":"bib4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10903-022-01356-2"},{"key":"bib5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2105\/AJPH.2018.304641"},{"key":"bib6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/2331205X.2016.1175402"},{"key":"bib7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.18865\/ed.29.4.617"},{"key":"bib8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10903-020-01138-8"},{"key":"bib9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1353\/hpu.2016.0128"},{"key":"bib12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph15112404"},{"key":"bib13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph182312706"},{"issue":"1","key":"bib14","first-page":"149","volume":"26","author":"Daniel NA","year":"2021","journal-title":"AIDS Behav."},{"issue":"1","key":"bib15","first-page":"1","volume":"59","author":"Koku E.","year":"2023","journal-title":"Sociological Imagination."},{"key":"bib16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/apc.2021.0156"},{"key":"bib17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ssmqr.2024.100493"},{"key":"bib18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2105\/AJPH.2018.304596"},{"key":"bib19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.18103\/mra.v12i8.5727"},{"key":"bib20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0027-9684(15)31134-2"},{"key":"bib21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev-publhealth-032013-182419"},{"key":"bib22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-030-48744-7_12"},{"key":"bib23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/jhmas\/jrab042"},{"key":"bib25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/apc.2019.0036"},{"key":"bib26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/09540121.2018.1497767"},{"key":"bib27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0250800"},{"key":"bib29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12889-019-8127-9"},{"key":"bib31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0216502"},{"key":"bib32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1521\/aeap.2022.34.3.209"},{"issue":"9","key":"bib33","first-page":"114","author":"Whembolua G-LS","year":"2017","journal-title":"Irikirendo: Journal of African Migration."},{"key":"bib34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/PHH.0000000000001931"},{"key":"bib35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s40615-024-01947-9"},{"key":"bib37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s40609-022-00223-0"},{"key":"bib38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s40615-022-01470-9"},{"key":"bib39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fpubh.2024.1406397"},{"key":"bib40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0033354920942623"}],"container-title":["American Journal of Public Health"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/ajph.aphapublications.org\/doi\/pdf\/10.2105\/AJPH.2025.308160","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,6]],"date-time":"2025-08-06T20:05:54Z","timestamp":1754510754000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/ajph.aphapublications.org\/doi\/full\/10.2105\/AJPH.2025.308160"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,9]]},"references-count":33,"journal-issue":{"issue":"9","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,9]]}},"alternative-id":["10.2105\/AJPH.2025.308160"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2105\/ajph.2025.308160","relation":{},"ISSN":["0090-0036","1541-0048"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0090-0036","type":"print"},{"value":"1541-0048","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,9]]}}}