{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,13]],"date-time":"2026-02-13T05:43:08Z","timestamp":1770961388909,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":18,"publisher":"American Public Health Association","issue":"1","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Am J Public Health"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[1976,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:p> A two-wave panel survey was carried out on a representative sample of New York State public secondary school students in fall 1971 and spring 1972. The majority of adolsecents have drunk beer or wine (82 per cent) smoked cigarettes (72 per cent) or used hard liquor (65 per cent). Better than one third (35 per cent) report the use of one or more illegal drugs. The illicit drugs most frequently used are marijuana (29 per cent) and hashish (21 per cent). About one in eight adolescents have used pills such as amphetamines and barbiturates, and about one in 12 have tried LSD or other psychedelics. Four per cent have used cocaine and 3 per cent heroin. Use of illicit drugs tends to be experimental and sporadic rather than regular. By contrast, about one in four regularly use beer or wine or smoke cigarettes. Self-reported rates of use increase over the course of a school year, and there is considerable turnover with respect to which adolescents are users. The increased number of hard liquor and marijuana users through the high school years results predominantly from more stability among users, rather than increased conversion of nonusers to users over the teen years. <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.2105\/ajph.66.1.43","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2011,12,1]],"date-time":"2011-12-01T22:19:57Z","timestamp":1322777997000},"page":"43-53","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":109,"title":["The epidemiology of drug use among New York State high school students: Distribution, trends, and change in rates of use."],"prefix":"10.2105","volume":"66","author":[{"given":"D","family":"Kandel","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"E","family":"Single","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"R C","family":"Kessler","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"844","reference":[{"key":"p_7","unstructured":"Chambers, C., An Assessment ofDrug Use in the General Population. Special Report No. 1. Narcotic Control Commission, Albany, N.Y., 1971. (Mimeographed)"},{"key":"p_9","unstructured":"Preliminary Summary-1973 San Mateo County, California, Surveillance of Student Drug Use. Calif. Dept. Public Health and Welfare, Research Statistics Section, 1973"},{"key":"p_10","unstructured":"Smart, R. and Whitehead, P. C., The Consumption Patterns of Illicit Drugs and Their Implications for Prevention of Use., pp. 303-308, In S. Einstein and S. Allen (Eds.), Student Drug Surveys, Baywood, Farmingdale, N.Y., 1972"},{"key":"p_11","unstructured":"Goldstein, J. and Gleason, T., Significance of Increasing Student Marijuana Use for Intended Use of Other Drugs, pp. 305-306. In Proceedings, 81st Annual Convention of the American Psychological Association, 1973"},{"key":"p_13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Johnston, L., Drug Use During and After High School: Results of a National Longitudinal Study. Am J. Public Health, 64 (supplement):29-37, 1974","DOI":"10.2105\/AJPH.64.12_Suppl.29"},{"issue":"4","key":"p_15","first-page":"514","volume":"20","author":"Henley J. R.","year":"1973","journal-title":"Prevalance Patterns and Factors Associated with Cessation. Soc. Probl."},{"key":"p_16","unstructured":"Elinson, J., Josephson, E., and Zanes, A., A Study of Teen-Age Drug Behavior. Progress Report to National Institute on Drug Abuse. Columbia University, 1972. (Mimeographed)"},{"key":"p_17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/h0034214"},{"key":"p_19","unstructured":"Mellinger, G. D. and Somers, R. H., Drug Use Research Items Pertaining to Personality and Interpersonal Relations. In Drug Life Styles Conference Compendium of Papers, Vol. III, National Institute on Drug Abuse, St. Simon's Island, Ga., 1975"},{"key":"p_20","unstructured":"Groves, W. E., Patterns of College Students Drug Use and Life Styles, pp. 241-275. In E. Josephson and E. Carroll (Eds.), Drug Use: Epidemiological and Sociological Approaches, Winston, Washington, D.C., 1974"},{"key":"p_21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.181.4104.1067"},{"key":"p_22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1540-4560.1974.tb00717.x"},{"key":"p_24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/002204267500500411"},{"key":"p_25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Kandel, D., The Measurement of Ever-Use and Frequency-Quantity in Drug Use Surveys. in D. Nurco and J. Elinson (Eds.), Issues in the Operational Definition of Terms in Drug Use Research, National Institute on Drug Abuse, Rockville, Maryland, 1975. (In press)","DOI":"10.1037\/e497482006-007"},{"key":"p_28","first-page":"465","volume":"1","author":"Kandel D.","year":"1975","journal-title":"Illicit Drug Use Among High School Absentees. Addic. Dis."},{"key":"p_32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2307\/2137095"},{"key":"p_33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archpsyc.1975.01760250115013"},{"key":"p_39","first-page":"97","volume":"38","author":"Keniston K.","year":"1968","journal-title":"Am. Schol."}],"container-title":["American Journal of Public Health"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/ajph.aphapublications.org\/doi\/pdf\/10.2105\/AJPH.66.1.43","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2022,5,9]],"date-time":"2022-05-09T17:20:58Z","timestamp":1652116858000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/ajph.aphapublications.org\/doi\/full\/10.2105\/AJPH.66.1.43"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[1976,1]]},"references-count":18,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[1976,1]]}},"alternative-id":["10.2105\/AJPH.66.1.43"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2105\/ajph.66.1.43","relation":{},"ISSN":["0090-0036","1541-0048"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0090-0036","type":"print"},{"value":"1541-0048","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[1976,1]]}}}