{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,1]],"date-time":"2025-11-01T00:16:06Z","timestamp":1761956166236,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":25,"publisher":"American Public Health Association","issue":"5","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Am J Public Health"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[1979,5]]},"abstract":"<jats:p> Suicide rates in Cuyahoga County (metropolitan Cleveland) rose from 10.2 in 1958 to 12.5 per 100,000 populations in 1974 (23 per cent increase) with the greatest rise among nonwhite males (from 5.9 to 13.1, or 122 per cent). Increased rates were observed in both the city (19 per cent increase) and suburbs (35 per cent increase). Rates increased among young non-white and white adults of both sexes aged 15--34 years, but decreased slightly among adults aged 65 years and older. These findings are consistent with national trends. Alcohol was present in the blood of one-fourth of the individuals who were \"dead on arrival,\" and at intoxicating levels in 20 per cent. There were increasing percentages of victims with positive blood alcohol and with intoxicating levels during the study period. White male victims in the city had significantly higher frequencies of such findings than their counterparts in the suburbs. The rates of suicide committed by firearms rose among all race-sex groups, with the greatest increase among city nonwhite males (2.1 to 7.7, or 267 per cent). Suicide by chemical agents (roughly one-half being barbiturates) increased in all groups except city nonwhite males, with the greatest increase among white males and suburban white females. Firearms among males and poisoning among females displaced asphyxia as the leading modes of suicide. <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.2105\/ajph.69.5.459","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2008,11,27]],"date-time":"2008-11-27T05:10:13Z","timestamp":1227762613000},"page":"459-464","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":24,"title":["Violent death in a metropolitan county: II. Changing patterns in suicides (1959-1974)."],"prefix":"10.2105","volume":"69","author":[{"given":"A B","family":"Ford","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"N B","family":"Rushforth","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"N","family":"Rushforth","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"C S","family":"Hirsch","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"L","family":"Adelson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"844","reference":[{"key":"p_1","unstructured":"Department of Health, Education, and Welfare, Vital Statistics of the United States, 1960 and 1970."},{"key":"p_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM197709082971004"},{"key":"p_3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.1973.03220080032009"},{"key":"p_4","unstructured":"American Bar Association-American Medical Association, Joint Statement of Principles Concerning Alcoholism, in American Medical Association: Manual on Alcoholism, Chicago, IL, AMA, 1977."},{"key":"p_5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/oxfordjournals.aje.a112241"},{"key":"p_6","first-page":"49","author":"U.S. Department of Labor","year":"1970","journal-title":"Government Printing Office"},{"key":"p_7","unstructured":"Leveson I: An economist's approach to crime's future, in Sherman, M. (ed.), Long Range Thinking and Law Enforcement, Washington, DC, U.S. Law Enforcement Assistance Administration, 1976, Chapter 4 (in press)"},{"key":"p_8","unstructured":"Brenner H: Estimating the Social Costs of National Economic Policy: Implications for Mental and Physical Health, and Criminal Aggression, Vol. 1, Paper No. 5 in Achieving the Goals of the Employment Act of 1946-Thirtieth Anniversary Review, Joint Committee Print (94:2), U.S. Congress, Washington, DC,"},{"key":"p_9","unstructured":"Statistical Bulletin, Metropolitan Life Insurance Co.: Recent U.S. Government Printing Office, 1976. trends in suicide, 57 (May, 1976), 5-7."},{"key":"p_11","first-page":"608","author":"Butler RN","year":"1976","journal-title":"Nostrand Reinhold Co."},{"key":"p_13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S0033291700015877"},{"key":"p_14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S0033291700015865"},{"key":"p_15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"ODonnell JA, Voss HL, Clayton RR, etal: Young Men on Drugs: A Nationwide Survey, NIDA Research Monograph 5, National Institute on Drug Abuse, Rockville, MD, DHEW Publication No. (ADM) 76-311, 1976.","DOI":"10.1037\/e497472006-001"},{"key":"p_17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archpsyc.1977.01770220047004"},{"key":"p_18","unstructured":"Menninger KA: Man Against Himself, New York, Harcourt, Brace and Company Inc., 1938."},{"key":"p_19","first-page":"41","author":"Farberow NL","year":"1957","journal-title":"Inc."},{"key":"p_20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Wolfgang ME: Patterns in Criminal Homicide, New York, John Wiley & Sons, 1958.","DOI":"10.9783\/9781512808728"},{"key":"p_21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Wolfgang ME: Victim-precipitated criminal homicide, in Wolfgang ME (ed.), Studies in Homicide, New York, Harper & Row, 1967.","DOI":"10.2307\/1141850"},{"key":"p_22","unstructured":"Breed W: Occupational mobility and suicide among white males, in Gibbs JP, (ed.), New York, Harper & Row, 1968."},{"key":"p_23","unstructured":"Dublin, LI: Suicide, New York, Ronald Press, 1963."},{"key":"p_24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0010-440X(74)90009-1"},{"key":"p_25","unstructured":"Newton GD Jr, Zimring FE: Firearms and Violence in American Life: A Staff Report Submitted to the National Commission on the Causes and Prevention of Violence. Washington, DC, U.S. Government Printing Office, 1969."},{"key":"p_26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Marks A. and Stokes C: Socialization, firearms and suicide, Social Problems, Vol 23, no. 5, June, 1976.","DOI":"10.1525\/sp.1976.23.5.03a00100"},{"key":"p_27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archpsyc.1973.01750360007002"},{"key":"p_28","first-page":"86","volume":"30","author":"Kreitman N","year":"1976","journal-title":"Brit J Prev Soc Med"}],"container-title":["American Journal of Public Health"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/ajph.aphapublications.org\/doi\/pdf\/10.2105\/AJPH.69.5.459","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2022,5,9]],"date-time":"2022-05-09T18:04:07Z","timestamp":1652119447000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/ajph.aphapublications.org\/doi\/full\/10.2105\/AJPH.69.5.459"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[1979,5]]},"references-count":25,"journal-issue":{"issue":"5","published-print":{"date-parts":[[1979,5]]}},"alternative-id":["10.2105\/AJPH.69.5.459"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2105\/ajph.69.5.459","relation":{},"ISSN":["0090-0036","1541-0048"],"issn-type":[{"type":"print","value":"0090-0036"},{"type":"electronic","value":"1541-0048"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[1979,5]]}}}