{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,6]],"date-time":"2026-10-06T01:24:27Z","timestamp":1791249867643,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":22,"publisher":"American Public Health Association","issue":"5","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Am J Public Health"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[1985,5]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Epidemics and mortality in 15th and 16th century Florence, Italy, were investigated by use of records of the government-sponsored Dowry Fund. These records contain the date of birth, date of investment, and date of dowry payment or death of 19,000 girls and women. Major epidemics (\"plagues\") occurred repeatedly. The most severe were in 1430, 1437-38, 1449-50, 1478-79, and 1527-31. Annual death rates of girls enrolled in the Dowry Fund increased by 5 to 10 times in each of these periods. During the last period, at least 20-25 per cent of the population of Florence is likely to have died. Recurrent epidemics accounted for 38 per cent of the total mortality experienced by girls enrolled in the Dowry Fund. The frequency of serious epidemics diminished with the passage of time, and overall mortality declined by about 10 per cent over the 15th and 16th centuries. Epidermic mortality was not consistently related to age. The effects of epidemics were most severe in the summer and autumn. Non-epidemic mortality was also greater in the summer and autumn than in the winter and spring.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.2105\/ajph.75.5.528","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2008,11,27]],"date-time":"2008-11-27T05:26:53Z","timestamp":1227763613000},"page":"528-535","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":15,"title":["Epidemics in Renaissance Florence."],"prefix":"10.2105","volume":"75","author":[{"given":"A S","family":"Morrison","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"J","family":"Kirshner","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"A","family":"Molho","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"844","reference":[{"key":"p_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Biraben J-N: Les Hommes et la Peste en France et dans les Pays Europeens et Mediterraneens. Paris: Mouton, 1975.","DOI":"10.3917\/popu.p1975.30n6.1144"},{"key":"p_2","unstructured":"Herlihy D, Klapisch-Zuber C: Le Toscans et Leurs Familles. Paris: Presses de la Fondation Nationals des Sciences Politiques, 1978."},{"key":"p_3","unstructured":"Shrewsbury JFD: A History of Bubonic Plague in the British Isles. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1970."},{"key":"p_4","unstructured":"McNeill WH: Plagues and Peoples. Garden City, New York: Anchor Press\/Doubleday, 1977."},{"key":"p_5","unstructured":"LeRoy Ladurie E: The Mind and Method of the Historian. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1978."},{"key":"p_6","unstructured":"Graunt J: Natural and Political Observations Mentioned in a Following Index and Made Upon the Bills of Mortality. New York: Arno, reprint of London edition by T Roycroft, 1662."},{"key":"p_7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/oxfordjournals.aje.a112496"},{"key":"p_8","unstructured":"Provvisioni Registri (PR) 114, 143r-144v. All manuscript documents cited are found in the Archivio di Stato of Florence."},{"key":"p_9","first-page":"177","volume":"89","author":"Kirshner J","year":"1977","journal-title":"Studi Senesi"},{"key":"p_10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1086\/241732"},{"key":"p_12","unstructured":"PR 124, 27r-29v."},{"key":"p_13","unstructured":"PR 128, 31r-32r."},{"key":"p_14","unstructured":"Statuta Populi et Communis Florentiae, [1415], Vol. I, Book II, Rub. II (Friburg, 1778-83) p. 115."},{"key":"p_16","unstructured":"Kleinbaum DG, Kupper LL, Morgenstern H: Epidemiologic Research. Principles and Quantitative Methods. Belmont, California: Lifetime Learning Publications, 1982."},{"key":"p_17","first-page":"856","year":"1979","journal-title":"Special Issue: Historical Supplement. New York: United Nations"},{"key":"p_18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Herlihy D: Deaths, Marriage, Births and the Tuscan Economy. In: Lee RD (ed): population Patterns in the Past. New York: Academic Press 1977; 135-164.","DOI":"10.1016\/B978-0-12-441850-9.50010-5"},{"key":"p_19","unstructured":"Carmichael AG: Epidemic Diseases in Early Renaissance Florence. Ann Arbor: University Microfilms, 1979."},{"key":"p_20","unstructured":"Del Panta L: Le epidemie nella storia demografica italiana (secoli XIVXIX). Torino: Loescher, 1980."},{"key":"p_21","unstructured":"Corradi A: Annali delle epidemie occorse in Italia dalle prime memorie fino al 1850. Bologna: Tipi Gamberini e Parmeggiani, 1865."},{"key":"p_22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2307\/2173727"},{"key":"p_23","unstructured":"Parenti G: Fonti per lo studio della demografia fiorentina: I libri dei morti. Genus 1943-49; 6-8:3-23."},{"key":"p_24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/clinids\/1.3.563"}],"container-title":["American Journal of Public Health"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/ajph.aphapublications.org\/doi\/pdf\/10.2105\/AJPH.75.5.528","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,3,3]],"date-time":"2024-03-03T12:40:45Z","timestamp":1709469645000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/ajph.aphapublications.org\/doi\/full\/10.2105\/AJPH.75.5.528"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[1985,5]]},"references-count":22,"journal-issue":{"issue":"5","published-print":{"date-parts":[[1985,5]]}},"alternative-id":["10.2105\/AJPH.75.5.528"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2105\/ajph.75.5.528","relation":{},"ISSN":["0090-0036","1541-0048"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0090-0036","type":"print"},{"value":"1541-0048","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[1985,5]]}}}