{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,31]],"date-time":"2026-03-31T15:54:39Z","timestamp":1774972479362,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":11,"publisher":"American Public Health Association","issue":"10","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Am J Public Health"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[1986,10]]},"abstract":"<jats:p> Several studies have suggested that ultraviolet radiation in sunlight may cause cataracts and other eye disease. We evaluated the effect of prescription eyewear in attenuating ocular exposure to ultraviolet radiation (UVR) in the sunlight portions of the ultraviolet spectrum (295-350 nm). Using natural sunlight as the source, the attenuation was measured with two ultraviolet detectors, one sensitive to only UVB (295-315 nm) and one sensitive to both UVA and UVB (295-350 nm). A random sample of spectacles, spectacle lenses, and contact lenses was examined. The average transmission, as measured with either detector, was highest for soft contact lenses, followed by glass spectacle lenses, untinted hard contact lenses, and plastic spectacle lenses. Measurements performed with mannikins wearing spectacles showed that an average of 6.6 per cent of incident radiation reached the eye even when the lenses were covered with black opaque tape. The amount of exposure was increased substantially when the spectacles were moved 0.6 cm away from the forehead. The results show that the protection against ultraviolet exposure provided by prescription eyewear is highly variable and depends largely on its composition, size, and wearing position. <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.2105\/ajph.76.10.1216","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2008,11,27]],"date-time":"2008-11-27T05:26:53Z","timestamp":1227763613000},"page":"1216-1220","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":57,"title":["The effect of prescription eyewear on ocular exposure to ultraviolet radiation."],"prefix":"10.2105","volume":"76","author":[{"given":"F S","family":"Rosenthal","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"A E","family":"Bakalian","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"H R","family":"Taylor","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"844","reference":[{"key":"p_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/oxfordjournals.aje.a112404"},{"key":"p_2","first-page":"462","volume":"18","author":"Zigman S","year":"1979","journal-title":"Invest Ophthalmol"},{"key":"p_3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bjo.64.5.303"},{"key":"p_4","unstructured":"Pitts DG, Cullen AP: Ocular ultraviolet effects from 295 to 400 nm in the rabbit eye. NIOSH Pub. No. 77-175. Cincinnati: NIOSH, 1977."},{"key":"p_5","first-page":"760","volume":"1","author":"Zulich JA","year":"1976","journal-title":"Connolly JS: Invest Ophthalmol"},{"key":"p_6","first-page":"563","volume":"8","author":"Kamel ID","year":"1973","journal-title":"Can J Ophthalmol"},{"key":"p_7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archopht.1981.03930010295015"},{"key":"p_8","first-page":"729","author":"Wojno T","year":"1983","journal-title":"Ann Ophthalmol"},{"key":"p_9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/0002889728506722"},{"key":"p_10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Parrish JA, Anderson RR, Urbach F, Pitts DG: UV-A: Biological Effects of Ultraviolet Radiation with Emphasis on Human Responses to Longwave Ultraviolet. New York: Plenum Press, 1978.","DOI":"10.1007\/978-1-4684-2475-1_9"},{"key":"p_11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1751-1097.1985.tb01555.x"}],"container-title":["American Journal of Public Health"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/ajph.aphapublications.org\/doi\/pdf\/10.2105\/AJPH.76.10.1216","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2022,5,9]],"date-time":"2022-05-09T19:02:11Z","timestamp":1652122931000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/ajph.aphapublications.org\/doi\/full\/10.2105\/AJPH.76.10.1216"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[1986,10]]},"references-count":11,"journal-issue":{"issue":"10","published-print":{"date-parts":[[1986,10]]}},"alternative-id":["10.2105\/AJPH.76.10.1216"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2105\/ajph.76.10.1216","relation":{},"ISSN":["0090-0036","1541-0048"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0090-0036","type":"print"},{"value":"1541-0048","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[1986,10]]}}}