{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,28]],"date-time":"2026-01-28T19:36:24Z","timestamp":1769628984228,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":15,"publisher":"American Public Health Association","issue":"7","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Am J Public Health"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[1989,7]]},"abstract":"<jats:p> We studied 977 newly incarcerated Oregon inmates to compare voluntary versus mandatory human immunodeficiency virus antibody (HIVAb) testing in the prison setting. All inmates were offered HIVAb counseling and testing. Blood drawn for routine syphilis serology from those who declined this offer was also tested for HIVAb after personal identifiers had been removed. Only 1.2 percent (12) prisoners were HIV positive. However, 62.5 percent (611) inmates were at risk for HIV infection by being an intravenous drug user, a male homosexual, or hepatitis B core antibody (HBcAb) positive. The ratio of at-risk, as yet uninfected inmates to those already HIV infected was 53 to 1. Two-thirds of all inmates including those at-risk chose to receive counseling and testing. In areas where most at-risk inmates are not yet infected, it may be more appropriate for HIV prevention activities in prison to focus on voluntary programs that emphasize education and counseling rather than mandatory programs that emphasize testing. <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.2105\/ajph.79.7.840","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2008,11,29]],"date-time":"2008-11-29T13:03:17Z","timestamp":1227963797000},"page":"840-842","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":41,"title":["HIV testing in prisoners: is mandatory testing mandatory?"],"prefix":"10.2105","volume":"79","author":[{"given":"J K","family":"Andrus","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"D W","family":"Fleming","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"C","family":"Knox","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"R O","family":"McAlister","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"M R","family":"Skeels","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"R E","family":"Conrad","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"J M","family":"Horan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"L R","family":"Foster","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"844","reference":[{"key":"p_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.1987.03400150089035"},{"key":"p_2","unstructured":"Hammet TM: Update 1988: AIDS in correctional facilities. Washington, DC: National Institute of Justice (pre-publication) 1989; 27."},{"key":"p_3","first-page":"47","author":"Hammet TM","year":"1988","journal-title":"Washington, DC: National Institute of Justice."},{"key":"p_4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM198802183180711"},{"key":"p_5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.1986.03380130096035"},{"key":"p_6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.1987.03400170096030"},{"key":"p_7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(87)91864-2"},{"key":"p_8","first-page":"801","volume":"36","author":"CDC","year":"1987","journal-title":"MMWR"},{"key":"p_9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2105\/AJPH.78.12.1535"},{"key":"p_10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2105\/AJPH.78.12.1575"},{"key":"p_11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2105\/AJPH.78.4.462"},{"key":"p_12","unstructured":"Ostrow DG, Joseph J, Soucy J, etal: Mental health and behavioral correlates of HIV antibody testing in a cohort of gay men. Abstract 4082, presented at the IV International Conference on AIDS, Stockholm, Sweden, June 1988."},{"key":"p_13","unstructured":"Fife KH, Jones RB, Marrero DG, etal: Behavioral changes among sexually active homosexual men after learning they are negative for HIV antibody. Abstract 6009, presented at the IV International Conference on AIDS, Stockholm, Sweden, June 1988."},{"key":"p_14","unstructured":"van den Hoek JAR, van Haastrecht HJA, Goudsmit J, etal: Influence of HIV-Ab testing on the risk behavior of IV drug users in Amsterdam. Abstract 4541, presented at the IV International Conference on AIDS, Stockholm, Sweden, June 1988."},{"key":"p_15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Cates W Jr, Handsfield HH: HIV counseling and testing: Does it work? (editorial) Am J Public Health 1988; 78:1533-1534.","DOI":"10.2105\/AJPH.78.12.1533"}],"container-title":["American Journal of Public Health"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/ajph.aphapublications.org\/doi\/pdf\/10.2105\/AJPH.79.7.840","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2022,5,9]],"date-time":"2022-05-09T18:16:56Z","timestamp":1652120216000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/ajph.aphapublications.org\/doi\/full\/10.2105\/AJPH.79.7.840"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[1989,7]]},"references-count":15,"journal-issue":{"issue":"7","published-print":{"date-parts":[[1989,7]]}},"alternative-id":["10.2105\/AJPH.79.7.840"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2105\/ajph.79.7.840","relation":{},"ISSN":["0090-0036","1541-0048"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0090-0036","type":"print"},{"value":"1541-0048","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[1989,7]]}}}