{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,18]],"date-time":"2025-11-18T23:14:16Z","timestamp":1763507656114},"reference-count":24,"publisher":"American Public Health Association","issue":"4","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Am J Public Health"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[1990,4]]},"abstract":"<jats:p> We report here a summary of the data obtained from two HIV-1 antibody counseling and testing sites in Minneapolis-St. Paul for the first 48 months of operation (24,911 persons tested). The HIV-1 antibody seroprevalence rate for all persons tested was 5 percent. The highest seroprevalence rates were in male homosexual\/bisexual intravenous drug users (23 percent) and homosexual\/bisexual men (13 percent). There was a significant decrease in the HIV-1 antibody seroprevalence rate among clients during the 48-month period from 14 percent in the first six months to 3 percent in the last six months. This decrease coincided with an increase in the number of low-risk female clients and low-risk heterosexual male clients, and a decrease in the number of homosexual\/bisexual males participating in the programs. These findings suggest the need for development and implementation of other strategies to identify and reach persons at highest risk for HIV-1 infection. <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.2105\/ajph.80.4.419","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2008,11,29]],"date-time":"2008-11-29T13:17:08Z","timestamp":1227964628000},"page":"419-422","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["HIV-1 counseling and testing sites, Minnesota: analysis of trends in client characteristics."],"prefix":"10.2105","volume":"80","author":[{"given":"R N","family":"Danila","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"J M","family":"Shultz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"M T","family":"Osterholm","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"K","family":"Henry","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"M L","family":"Simpson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"K L","family":"MacDonald","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"844","reference":[{"key":"p_1","first-page":"509","volume":"36","author":"Centers for Disease Control","year":"1987","journal-title":"MMWR"},{"key":"p_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0076-6879(83)92032-3"},{"key":"p_3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.1988.03410050094037"},{"key":"p_4","first-page":"139","volume":"19","year":"1981","journal-title":"New York: John Wiley and Sons"},{"key":"p_5","first-page":"284","volume":"35","author":"Centers for Disease Control","year":"1986","journal-title":"MMWR"},{"key":"p_6","first-page":"300","volume":"71","author":"MacDonald KL","year":"1988","journal-title":"Minn Med"},{"key":"p_7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Grabau JC, Morse DL: Seropositivity for HIV at alternate sites. 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Stockholm, Sweden: Swedish Ministry of Health and Social Affairs, National Bacteriological Laboratory, Karolinska Institute, World Health Organization, 1988; 474."},{"key":"p_19","unstructured":"Ostrow DG, Joseph J, Soucey J, etal: Mental health and behavioral correlates of HIV antibody testing in a cohort of gay men. (Abstract #4082). In: Final Program and abstracts of the IV International Conference on AIDS. Book 1. Stockholm, Sweden: Swedish Ministry of Health and Social Affairs, National Bacteriological Laboratory, Karolinska Institute, World Health Organization, 1988; 280."},{"key":"p_20","unstructured":"Wiktor S, Biggar R, Melbye M, Ebbesen P, Goedert J: Effect of knowledge of HIV status upon sexual activity among homosexual men. (Abstract #4073) In: Final Program and abstracts of the IV International Conference on AIDS. Book 1. 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