{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,28]],"date-time":"2025-09-28T22:44:59Z","timestamp":1759099499931},"reference-count":27,"publisher":"American Public Health Association","issue":"11","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Am J Public Health"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[1991,11]]},"abstract":"<jats:p> BACKGROUND. The national objectives in Healthy People 2000, drafted by health professionals aware of currently available public health interventions, represent a wealth of information about near-term future mortality and morbidity. METHODS. Life table methods were used to calculate the impact of projected changes in mortality and activity limitation rates on life expectancy and expected disability years. RESULTS. Meeting the mortality objectives would increase life expectancy at birth by 1.5 to 2.1 years, raising life expectancy to 76.6 to 77.2 years. In addition, meeting the target for disability from chronic conditions would increase the number of years of life without activity limitations from 66.8 years to 69.3-69.7 years. If the targets for coronary heart disease and unintentional injury were changed to reflect recent trends, a greater improvement in life expectancy at birth would be achieved: from 1.8 to 2.7 years to 76.9 to 77.8 years. CONCLUSION. Meeting the targets would have an important demographic impact. Including changes in the coronary heart disease and injuries targets, life expectancy in the year 2000 would be above the middle of the ranges used in current Census Bureau projections. <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.2105\/ajph.81.11.1456","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2008,11,29]],"date-time":"2008-11-29T13:17:08Z","timestamp":1227964628000},"page":"1456-1465","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":11,"title":["National health objectives for the year 2000: the demographic impact of health promotion and disease prevention."],"prefix":"10.2105","volume":"81","author":[{"given":"M A","family":"Stoto","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"J S","family":"Durch","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"844","reference":[{"key":"p_1","unstructured":"US Department of Health and Human Services. Healthy People 2000X: Nafional Health Promotion and Disease Prevention Objectives. Conference Edition. Washington, DC: Public Health Service; 1990."},{"key":"p_2","unstructured":"US Department of Health and Human Services. Promoting Health\/Preventing Disease: Objectives for the Nafion. Washington, DC: US Government Printing Office; 1980."},{"key":"p_3","unstructured":"National Center for Health Statistics. Vital Statisfics ofthe United States [1970-1987], Vol II, Mortality, Part A. Washington, DC: US Government Printing Office; 1974-1990."},{"key":"p_4","unstructured":"National Center for Health Statistics. Health United States, 1989. Hyattsville, Md: Public Health Service; 1990. US Dept of Health and Human Services publication (PHS) 90-1232."},{"key":"p_5","unstructured":"World Health Organization. Manual ofthe International Statistical Classification of Diseases, Injwies, and Causes of Death, based on the recommendations of the Ninth Revision Conference, 1975. Geneva: WHO; 1977."},{"key":"p_6","unstructured":"National Center for Health Statistics. Advance report of final mortality statistics, 1987. Monthly Vital Statistics Report 1989;38(No 5, suppl). US Dept of Health and Human Services publication (PHS)89-1120."},{"key":"p_7","unstructured":"Namboodiri K, Suchindran CM.Life Table Techniques and Their Applications. Orlando, Fla: Academic Press; 1987."},{"key":"p_8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2307\/4594169"},{"key":"p_9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2307\/1973704"},{"key":"p_10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2190\/L73V-NLDL-G7H3-63JC"},{"key":"p_11","unstructured":"Adams PF, Hardy AM. Current Estimates from the National Health Interview Survey: United States, 1988. VitalHealth Stat. Series 10, No. 173. Hyattsville, MD: National Center for Health Statistics, 1989. US Dept of Health and Human Services publication (PHS) 89-1501."},{"key":"p_12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2307\/2060587"},{"key":"p_13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2105\/AJPH.70.11.1199"},{"key":"p_14","unstructured":"SpencerG. Projectionsof the population of the United States, by age, sex, and race: 1988 to 2080. CumntPopulation Reports. Series P-25, no. 1018. Washington, DC: US Government Printing Office; 1989."},{"key":"p_15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Sempos C, Cooper R, Kovar MG, Mc-Millen M. Divergence of the recent trends in coronary mortality for the four major race-sex groups in the United States.AmJ Public Health 1988;78:1422-1427. 1990)Edition Chicago, Ill: National Safety","DOI":"10.2105\/AJPH.78.11.1422"},{"key":"p_16","unstructured":"National Safety Council. Accident Facts, Council; 1990."},{"key":"p_17","unstructured":"Wade AH. Social security area population projections: 1987.SocSecBudL 1988;51:3-30."},{"key":"p_18","unstructured":"LaPlante MP. Disability risks of chronic illnesses and impairments. Disability Stat Rep. No. 2; 1989."},{"key":"p_19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00005650-198903001-00006"},{"key":"p_20","first-page":"580","volume":"95","author":"Manton KG","year":"1980","journal-title":"Public Health Rep."},{"key":"p_22","unstructured":"Kleinman JC. The potential impact of risk Public Healh 1985;75:754-757. factor modification on coronary heart disease mortality in middle-aged men. In: US Department of Health, Education, and Welfare. Healthy People: The Surgeon General's Report on Health Promotion and Disease P1 'ntion. Background Papers. Washington, DC: US Government Printing Office; 1979:187-195. US Dept of Health, Education, and Welfare publication (PHS) 79-55071A."},{"key":"p_23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Goldman L, Cook EF. The decline in ischemic heart disease mortality rates: an analysis of the comparative effects of medical interventions and changes in lifestyle.Ann Intern Med 1984;101:8255-6.","DOI":"10.7326\/0003-4819-101-6-825"},{"key":"p_24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2105\/AJPH.77.11.1417"},{"key":"p_25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Brown CC, Kessler LG. Projections of lung cancer mortality in the United States: 1985-2025.JNatlCancerIrst. 1988;80:43-51.","DOI":"10.1093\/jnci\/80.1.43"},{"key":"p_26","unstructured":"Office on Smoking and Health, US Department of Health and Human Services. Reducigthe Healih Consequences ofSmoking. 25 Years ofProqvs, A Report ofthe Surgeon GeneraL Rockville, MD: DHHS; 1989. US Dept of Health and Human Services publication (CDC) 89-8411."},{"key":"p_27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Hahn RA, Teutsch SM, Rothenberg RB, Marks JS. Excess deaths from nine chronic diseases in the United States, 1986.JAMA. 1990;264:2654-2659.","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.264.20.2654"},{"key":"p_28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Manton KG. Past and future life expectancy increases at later ages: their implications for the linkage of chronic morbidity, disability, and mortality. 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