{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,27]],"date-time":"2026-09-27T23:03:53Z","timestamp":1790550233201,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":37,"publisher":"American Public Health Association","issue":"3","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Am J Public Health"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[1995,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>OBJECTIVES. This study explored the utility of subdividing mental retardation into groups based on the presence of other neurological conditions. METHODS. Data were abstracted from birth certificates as part of a case-control study of mental retardation among 10-year-old children. The study sample included 458 case children and 563 control children selected from public schools. Case children were subdivided on the basis of intelligence quotient (IQ) score and the presence of other neurological conditions. RESULTS. Other neurological conditions were more common with severe mental retardation than with mild mental retardation. Regardless of IQ level or the presence of other neurological conditions, boys were more likely than girls to have mental retardation. Older mothers were more likely than younger mothers to have a child with mental retardation accompanied by another neurological condition. High birth order, Black race, and low maternal education were associated with a higher prevalence of isolated mental retardation. CONCLUSIONS. These findings suggest that sociodemographic risk factors for mental retardation vary according to the presence of other neurological conditions and that subdivisions based on medical or physical criteria may be useful in epidemiologic studies of mental retardation.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.2105\/ajph.85.3.329","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2008,11,29]],"date-time":"2008-11-29T08:18:52Z","timestamp":1227946732000},"page":"329-334","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":91,"title":["Variation in the influence of selected sociodemographic risk factors for mental retardation."],"prefix":"10.2105","volume":"85","author":[{"given":"C D","family":"Drews","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"M","family":"Yeargin-Allsopp","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"P","family":"Decoufl\u00e9","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"C C","family":"Murphy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"844","reference":[{"key":"p_1","unstructured":"Penrose LS. Biology of Mental Defect. London, England: Sidgwick & Jackson Ltd; 1963."},{"key":"p_2","unstructured":"Birch HG, Richardson SA, Baird D, Horobin G, Illsley R. Mental Subnormality in the Community:A Clinical and Epidemiologic Study. Baltimore, Md: Williams & Wilkins; 1970."},{"key":"p_3","unstructured":"Broman S, Nichols PL, Shaughnessy P, Kennedy W. Retardation in Young Children: A Developmental Study of Cognitive Deficit. Hillsdale, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates; 1987."},{"key":"p_4","unstructured":"Lewis EO. Report on an investigation into the incidence of mental deficiency in six areas, 1925-1927. Part 4. Report of the Mental Deficiency Committee. London, England: His Majesty's Stationery Office; 1929."},{"key":"p_5","unstructured":"Kushlick A, Blunden R. The epidemiology of mental subnormality. In: Clarke AM, Clarke ADB, eds. Mental Deficiency: The ChangingOutlook New York, NY: Macmillan; 1974:31-81."},{"key":"p_6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/oxfordjournals.epirev.a036302"},{"key":"p_7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Stein Z, Susser M. The families of dull children and classification for predicting careers. BrJPrev Soc Med. 1960;14:83-88.","DOI":"10.1136\/jech.14.2.83"},{"key":"p_8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Stein Z, Susser M. Families of dull children. II. Identifying family types and subcultures. III. Social selection by family type. IV. Increments in intelligence. JMent Sci. 1960;106:1296-1319.","DOI":"10.1192\/bjp.106.445.1296"},{"key":"p_9","first-page":"811","volume":"67","author":"Stein Z","year":"1963","journal-title":"Am J Ment Def"},{"key":"p_10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00583856"},{"key":"p_11","unstructured":"Bayley M. Mental Handicap and Community Care: A Study of Mentally Handicapped People in Sheffield. 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London, England: Butterworths; 1975."},{"key":"p_19","first-page":"99","volume":"44","author":"Robinson RO","year":"1987","journal-title":"Ups J Med Sci Suppl."},{"key":"p_20","first-page":"624","volume":"89","author":"Yeargin-Allsopp M","year":"1992","journal-title":"Pediatrics."},{"key":"p_21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2105\/AJPH.85.3.319"},{"key":"p_22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2105\/AJPH.85.3.324"},{"key":"p_23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/ije\/10.3.247"},{"key":"p_24","unstructured":"Census Use Study: Health Information System-II. Washington, DC: US Dept of Commerce, Bureau of the Census; 1971. Report no. 12."},{"key":"p_25","unstructured":"Harrell FE Jr. The LOGIST procedure. In: SUGI Supplemental Library User's Guide. Version 5 ed. Cary, NC: SAS Institute Inc; 1986:269-293."},{"key":"p_26","unstructured":"Kleinbaum DG, Kupper LL, Morgenstern H. Epidemiologic Research: Principles and Quantitative Methods. 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