{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,4]],"date-time":"2026-04-04T18:32:19Z","timestamp":1775327539381,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":26,"publisher":"American Public Health Association","issue":"7","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Am J Public Health"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[1995,7]]},"abstract":"<jats:p> OBJECTIVES. A large US sample was used to estimate the effects of race, employment status, income, education, occupation, marital status, and household size on mortality. METHODS. Approximately 530,000 persons 25 years of age or more were identified from selected Current Population Surveys between 1979 and 1985. These individuals were followed for mortality through use of the National Death Index for the years 1979 through 1989. RESULTS. Higher mortality was found in Blacks than in Whites less than 65 years of age; in persons not in the labor force, with lower incomes, with less education, and in service and other lower level occupations; and in persons not married and living alone. With occasional exceptions, in specific sex and age groups, these relationships were reduced but remained strong and statistically significant when each variable was adjusted for all of the other characteristics. The relationships were generally weaker in individuals 65 years of age or more. CONCLUSIONS. Employment status, income, education, occupation, race, and marital status have substantial net associations with mortality. This study identified segments of the population in need of public health attention and demonstrated the importance of including these variables in morbidity and mortality studies. <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.2105\/ajph.85.7.949","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2008,11,29]],"date-time":"2008-11-29T13:18:52Z","timestamp":1227964732000},"page":"949-956","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":564,"title":["US mortality by economic, demographic, and social characteristics: the National Longitudinal Mortality Study."],"prefix":"10.2105","volume":"85","author":[{"given":"P D","family":"Sorlie","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"E","family":"Backlund","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"J B","family":"Keller","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"844","reference":[{"key":"p_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/01.CIR.88.4.1973"},{"key":"p_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2307\/3350401"},{"key":"p_3","unstructured":"Wilkinson RG. Socio-economic differences in mortality: interpreting the data on their size and trends. In: Wilkinson RG, ed. Class and Health. New York, NY: Tavistock Publications; 1986."},{"key":"p_4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/oxfordjournals.epirev.a036030"},{"key":"p_5","first-page":"1","volume":"42","author":"Centers for Disease Control and Prevention","year":"1993","journal-title":"MMWR"},{"key":"p_6","unstructured":"Rogot E, Sorlie PD, Johnson NJ, Glover CS, Treasure D. A Mortalit Sudy of One Million Persons by Demographic, Social and Economic Factors. 1979-1981 Follow-Up. Bethesda, Md: National Institutes of Health; 1988. NIH publication 88-2896."},{"key":"p_7","unstructured":"Rogot E, Sorlie PD, Johnson NJ, Schmitt C.A Mortality Study of 1.3 Million Persons by Demographic, Social and Economic Factors: 1979-1985 Follow-Up. Bethesda, Md: National Institutes of Health; 1992. 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Class and Health. New York, NY: Tavistock Publications; 1986.","DOI":"10.1136\/jech.39.1.1"},{"key":"p_24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.305.6860.1001"},{"key":"p_25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2307\/2061451"},{"key":"p_26","unstructured":"Cupples LA, D'Agostino RB. Some risk factors related to the annual incidence of cardiovascular disease and death using pooled repeated biennial measurements: Framingham Heart Study, 30-year followup. Section 30. In: The Framingham Study, an Epidemiological Investigation of Cardiovascular Disease. Bethesda, Md: National Institutes of Health; 1987. 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