{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,15]],"date-time":"2026-06-15T19:10:29Z","timestamp":1781550629274,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":14,"publisher":"American Public Health Association","issue":"8_Pt_1","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Am J Public Health"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[1995,8]]},"abstract":"<jats:p> California hospital discharge data for 1991 were examined to describe persons hospitalized for near drownings (i.e., a submersion incident for which the victim was admitted to a hospital). Among residents with near-drowning injuries, there were 865 discharges, regardless of outcome (rate = 2.8\/100,000); 785 persons survived the hospitalization, and 80 (9%) did not. Swimming pools were the most common submersion site (62%). Highest rates per 100,000 were found among males (3.6), Blacks (3.6), and children 1 through 5 years old (18.4). Charges for the initial hospitalization (excluding physicians' fees) amounted to $11.4 million. The state government's share of these charges was $5.4 million, with Medi-Cal expected to pay $4.1 million. Blacks, males, Medi-Cal recipients, and young children are most at risk and should be targeted for prevention programs. <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.2105\/ajph.85.8_pt_1.1115","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2008,11,29]],"date-time":"2008-11-29T13:18:52Z","timestamp":1227964732000},"page":"1115-1118","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":24,"title":["Hospitalizations for near drowning in California: incidence and costs."],"prefix":"10.2105","volume":"85","author":[{"given":"A A","family":"Ellis","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"R B","family":"Trent","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"844","reference":[{"key":"p_1","first-page":"339","volume":"10","author":"Olshaker JS","year":"1992","journal-title":"Emerg Med ClinNorthAm."},{"key":"p_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0196-0644(05)80478-0"},{"key":"p_3","first-page":"663","volume":"144","author":"Wintemute GJ","year":"1990","journal-title":"Am J Dis Child."},{"key":"p_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Coffman SP. Home care of the child and family after near drowning.JPediatr Health Care. 1992;6:18-24.","DOI":"10.1016\/0891-5245(92)90061-8"},{"key":"p_5","first-page":"121","volume":"17","author":"Murata Y","year":"1992","journal-title":"Tokai J Exp Clin Med."},{"key":"p_6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0031-3955(16)38513-3"},{"key":"p_7","first-page":"28","volume":"27","author":"Wintemute GJ","year":"1992","journal-title":"Calif Morbidity."},{"key":"p_8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0749-0704(18)30270-7"},{"key":"p_9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Peam J, Nixon J. Prevention of childhood drowning accidents.MedJAust. 1977;1:616-618.","DOI":"10.5694\/j.1326-5377.1977.tb130960.x"},{"key":"p_10","unstructured":"Brill D. The cost of drowning. In: Brill D, Micik S, Yuwiler J, eds. Childhood Drownings: Current Issues and Strategiesfor Prevention. Proceedings of a conference sponsored by the US Consumer Product Safety Commission; May 4-5, 1987; Newport Beach, Calif. Abstract 45."},{"key":"p_11","unstructured":"Zamula WW. Social Costs of Drownings and Near-Drownings From SubmersionAccidents Occumng to Children Under Five in Residential Swimming Pools. Washington, DC: Directorate for Economic Analysis, US Consumer Product Safety Commission; 1987."},{"key":"p_12","unstructured":"The California Network for Drowning Prevention. Policy statement: the need for four-sided pool fencing: a look at the uniform building code appendix for swimming pool barriers. October 27, 1992."},{"key":"p_13","unstructured":"Meyers H, Dale A, Bolton S. Immersion Surveillance Summary, 1991 and 1992. Santa Ana, Calif: Childhood Injury Prevention Program, Orange County Health Care Agency; 1993."},{"key":"p_14","unstructured":"Drownings and Near Drownings in California. Sacramento, Calif: California Dept of Health Services; December 1990. EPIC Proportions, report no. 1."}],"container-title":["American Journal of Public Health"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/ajph.aphapublications.org\/doi\/pdf\/10.2105\/AJPH.85.8_Pt_1.1115","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2022,5,9]],"date-time":"2022-05-09T21:26:35Z","timestamp":1652131595000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/ajph.aphapublications.org\/doi\/full\/10.2105\/AJPH.85.8_Pt_1.1115"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[1995,8]]},"references-count":14,"journal-issue":{"issue":"8_Pt_1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[1995,8]]}},"alternative-id":["10.2105\/AJPH.85.8_Pt_1.1115"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2105\/ajph.85.8_pt_1.1115","relation":{},"ISSN":["0090-0036","1541-0048"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0090-0036","type":"print"},{"value":"1541-0048","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[1995,8]]}}}