{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,5]],"date-time":"2026-09-05T05:54:12Z","timestamp":1788587652057,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":19,"publisher":"American Public Health Association","issue":"9","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Am J Public Health"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[1995,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>OBJECTIVES: The impact of large-dose vitamin A supplementation given at intervals of 4 months on child mortality and morbidity was examined according to the time interval since dosing, number of doses received previously, and time of year. METHODS: Two double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled trials of large doses of vitamin A administered at intervals of 4 months were conducted in adjacent populations in northern Ghana. RESULTS: While vitamin A supplementation significantly reduced the overall incidence of severe illnesses (especially diarrhea with dehydration), clinic attendances, hospital admissions, and mortality, there was no evidence that the impact of each dose of vitamin A was related to the number of doses the child had received previously. There was no evidence that the effectiveness of the supplement waned over the 3 to 5 months between doses. The impact on mortality did not differ significantly by the month in which the supplement had been given. CONCLUSIONS: In the study population, there was no evidence that an interval between doses of less than 4 months would have had a greater impact on severe morbidity or mortality, and the effectiveness of supplementation did not vary by time of year.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.2105\/ajph.85.9.1246","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2008,11,29]],"date-time":"2008-11-29T13:18:52Z","timestamp":1227964732000},"page":"1246-1251","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":35,"title":["Child morbidity and mortality following vitamin A supplementation in Ghana: time since dosing, number of doses, and time of year."],"prefix":"10.2105","volume":"85","author":[{"given":"D A","family":"Ross","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"B R","family":"Kirkwood","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"F N","family":"Binka","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"P","family":"Arthur","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"N","family":"Dollimore","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"S S","family":"Morris","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"R P","family":"Shier","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"J O","family":"Gyapong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"P G","family":"Smith","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"844","reference":[{"key":"p_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0140-6736(93)91879-Q"},{"key":"p_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(86)91157-8"},{"key":"p_3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/ajcn\/48.5.1271"},{"key":"p_4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM199010043231401"},{"key":"p_5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0140-6736(91)90070-6"},{"key":"p_6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.304.6821.207"},{"key":"p_7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0140-6736(92)91677-Z"},{"key":"p_8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(94)92998-X"},{"key":"p_9","unstructured":"United Nations Children's Fund. State of the World's Children. New York, NY: Oxford University Press Inc; 1991."},{"key":"p_10","unstructured":"Proceedings: Ending Hidden Hunger. Atlanta, Ga: Task Force for Child Survival and Development; 1992."},{"key":"p_11","unstructured":"Bellagio Brief: Vitamin A Deficiency and Childhood Mortality. New York, NY: Helen Keller International; 1992."},{"key":"p_12","unstructured":"Arroyave G, Bauernfeind JC, Olson JA, Underwood BA. Selection of intervention strategies. In: Guidelinesfor the Eradication of Vitamin A Deficiency and Xerophthalmia. Washington, DC: International Vitamin A Consultative Group; 1977."},{"key":"p_13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"World Bank. World Development Report 1993: Investing in Health. Oxford, England: Oxford University Press Inc; 1993.","DOI":"10.1596\/978-0-1952-0890-0"},{"key":"p_14","unstructured":"Control of VitaminA Deficiency and Xerophthalmia. Geneva, Switzerland: World Health Organization; 1982. Technical Report Series 672."},{"key":"p_15","unstructured":"World Health Organization\/United Nations Children's Fund\/International Vitamin A Consultative Group Task Force. Vitamin A Supplements: A Guide to Their Use in the Treatment and Prevention of Vitamin A Deficiency and Xerophthalmia. Geneva, Switzerland: World Health Organization; 1988."},{"key":"p_16","unstructured":"Prevention of Childhood Blindness. Geneva, Switzerland: World Health Organization; 1992."},{"key":"p_17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"West KP Jr, Sommer A. Delivery of Oral Doses of Vitamin A to Prevent Vitamin A Deficiency and Nutritional Blindness: a State-of-the-Art Review. Rome, Italy: Food Policy and Nutrition Division, Food and Agriculture Organization; 1987. Nutrition Policy Discussion Paper 2.","DOI":"10.1177\/156482658700900401"},{"key":"p_18","unstructured":"Breslow NE, Day NE. Statistical Methods in Cancer Research. Volume 2: The Design and Analysis of Cohort Studies. Lyon, France: International Agency for Research on Cancer; 1987."},{"key":"p_19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Cox DR. Regression models and life tables.JRStatSoc. 1972;B74:187-220.","DOI":"10.1111\/j.2517-6161.1972.tb00899.x"}],"container-title":["American Journal of Public Health"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/ajph.aphapublications.org\/doi\/pdf\/10.2105\/AJPH.85.9.1246","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,3,3]],"date-time":"2024-03-03T23:55:57Z","timestamp":1709510157000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/ajph.aphapublications.org\/doi\/full\/10.2105\/AJPH.85.9.1246"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[1995,9]]},"references-count":19,"journal-issue":{"issue":"9","published-print":{"date-parts":[[1995,9]]}},"alternative-id":["10.2105\/AJPH.85.9.1246"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2105\/ajph.85.9.1246","relation":{},"ISSN":["0090-0036","1541-0048"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0090-0036","type":"print"},{"value":"1541-0048","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[1995,9]]}}}