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A combination of biological, behavioral, and social factors may account for the influence of primary infection on the HIV epidemic. HIV prevention measures can be focused on each of these factors. Biologically, detecting individuals early in the course of infection and offering treatment can reduce viral load and possibly an individual's infectiousness. Behaviorally, counseling newly infected persons about the importance of adopting safer practices may instill prevention behaviors at a critical time. Socially, using a network approach to notify persons exposed to those with primary infections can dampen the amplification effect of rapid HIV spread through high-risk environments. By focusing prevention efforts on the primary HIV infection interval, public health officials could increase their leverage in slowing the HIV epidemic. <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.2105\/ajph.87.12.1928","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2008,11,29]],"date-time":"2008-11-29T13:30:23Z","timestamp":1227965423000},"page":"1928-1930","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":42,"title":["Primary HIV infection--a public health opportunity."],"prefix":"10.2105","volume":"87","author":[{"suffix":"Jr","given":"W","family":"Cates","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"M A","family":"Chesney","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"M S","family":"Cohen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"844","reference":[{"key":"p_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7326\/0003-4819-124-7-199604010-00006"},{"key":"p_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.1997.03550010072043"},{"key":"p_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Kinloch-de Loeds S, Hirschel BJ, Hoen B, etal. 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