{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,29]],"date-time":"2026-03-29T00:02:13Z","timestamp":1774742533605,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":30,"publisher":"American Public Health Association","issue":"3","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Am J Public Health"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[1997,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:p> OBJECTIVES: The purpose of this study was to determine prospectively whether unplanned pregnancies are associated with adverse pregnancy outcomes among users of natural family planning. METHODS: Women who became pregnant while using natural family planning were identified in five centers worldwide: there were 373 unplanned and 367 planned pregnancies in this cohort. The subjects were followed up at 16 and 32 weeks' gestation and after delivery. The risks of spontaneous abortion, low birth-weight, and preterm birth were estimated after adjustment by logistic regression. RESULTS: The women with unplanned pregnancies were more likely to be at the extremes of age, to report more medical problems before and during the index pregnancy, and to seek antenatal care later in gestation than the women with planned pregnancies. However, women with planned pregnancies reported a higher rate of spontaneous abortion in previous pregnancies (28.8%) than did women with unplanned pregnancies (12.9%). There were no significant differences in the rates of spontaneous abortion, low birthweight, or preterm birth between the two groups. CONCLUSIONS: No increased risk of adverse pregnancy outcomes was observed among women who experienced an unplanned pregnancy while using natural family planning. <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.2105\/ajph.87.3.338","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2008,11,29]],"date-time":"2008-11-29T13:30:23Z","timestamp":1227965423000},"page":"338-343","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":32,"title":["Adverse outcomes of planned and unplanned pregnancies among users of natural family planning: a prospective study."],"prefix":"10.2105","volume":"87","author":[{"given":"A","family":"Bitto","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"R H","family":"Gray","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"J L","family":"Simpson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"J T","family":"Queenan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"R T","family":"Kambic","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"A","family":"Perez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"P","family":"Mena","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"M","family":"Barbato","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"C","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"V","family":"Jennings","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"844","reference":[{"key":"p_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0277-9536(88)90128-1"},{"key":"p_2","unstructured":"Brown SS, Eisenberg L, eds. The Best Intentions: Unintended Pregnancy and the Well-Being of Children and Families. Washington, DC: National Academy Press; 1995:1-380."},{"key":"p_3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0020-7292(89)90116-1"},{"key":"p_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Williams LB, Pratt WF. Wanted and unwanted childbearing in the United States: 1973-88. Adv Data Vital Health Stat. September 26, 1990; 189. DHHS publication PHS 90-1250.","DOI":"10.1037\/e608622007-001"},{"key":"p_5","unstructured":"David HP. Unwanted pregnancies: costs and alternatives. In: WestoffCF, Parke R Jr, eds. Demographic and Social Aspects of Population Growth. Washington, DC: US Government Printing Office; 1972:439-466."},{"key":"p_6","first-page":"1","volume":"15","author":"Lightbourne RE","year":"1990","journal-title":"Western Hemisphere Region."},{"key":"p_7","first-page":"89","volume":"88","author":"Fergusson DM","year":"1978","journal-title":"N Z Med J."},{"key":"p_8","unstructured":"Goldenberg RL, Fei S, Cliver SP, Poole VL, Hoffman HJ, Copper RL. Planned! wanted status and pregnancy outcome. Birmingham, Ala: University of Alabama at Birmingham, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology; 1991."},{"key":"p_9","unstructured":"Kendrick JS, Gargiullo PM, Williams LB, Bruce FC. Unintended pregnancy and the risk of low birthweight: data from the 1988 National Survey of Family Growth. 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DHHS publication PHS 89-1992."},{"key":"p_17","unstructured":"National Research Council, Working Group on the Health Consequences of Contraceptive Use and Controlled Fertility. Contraception and Reproduction: Health Consequences for Women and Children in the Developing World. Washington, DC: National Academy Press; 1989:19-66."},{"key":"p_18","unstructured":"Gray RH. Stress and reproduction: an epidemiological perspective. In: Sheppard KE, Boublik JH, Funder JW, eds. Stress and Reproduction. New York, NY: Raven Press; 1992:219-228. Serono Symposia Publications, Vol 86."},{"key":"p_19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF01849266"},{"key":"p_20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0002-9378(11)90557-2"},{"key":"p_21","unstructured":"Fleiss JL. Statistical MethodsforRates and Proportions. New York, NY: John Wiley & Sons nc; 1981."},{"key":"p_22","unstructured":"Armitage P, Berry G. Statistical Methods in Medical Research. Oxford, England: Blackwell Scientific Publications; 1987."},{"key":"p_23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Hosmer DW, Lemeshow S. Applied Logistic Regression. New York, NY: John Wiley & Sons nc; 1989.","DOI":"10.2307\/2531779"},{"key":"p_24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.1993.03500030029011"},{"issue":"42","key":"p_25","first-page":"723","volume":"40","author":"Woelfel MA","year":"1991","journal-title":"MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep."},{"key":"p_26","first-page":"1","volume":"9","author":"Munson ML","year":"1977","journal-title":"Adv Data Vital Health Stat."},{"key":"p_27","unstructured":"Williams LB. Determinants of Unintended Childbearing in the United States: 1973-1988. Hyattsville, Md: National Center for Health Statistics; 1990."},{"key":"p_28","unstructured":"Chandra A. Health aspects of pregnancy and childbirth: United States, 1982-88. 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