{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,22]],"date-time":"2025-10-22T10:25:18Z","timestamp":1761128718666,"version":"3.37.0"},"reference-count":36,"publisher":"American Public Health Association","issue":"4","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Am J Public Health"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[1997,4]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>OBJECTIVES: Cocaine is a central nervous system stimulant associated with cardiovascular disease risk factors, morbidity, and mortality. Despite these demonstrated relationships, it has been difficult to assess the long-term cardiovascular consequences of cocaine use. METHODS: The Coronary Artery Risk Development in Young Adults study provides an opportunity to evaluate the association of lifetime cocaine use with cardiovascular disease risk factors in a randomly sampled biethnic cohort of men and women of varied socioeconomic status, aged 20 to 32 in 1987. RESULTS: More extensive cocaine use experience was associated with being White, older, and less educated, regardless of sex. Higher levels of licit and illicit substance use behavior were reported by those reporting more extensive cocaine experience; however, most cardiovascular disease risk factors such as systolic and diastolic blood pressure, heart rate, hypertension, physical activity, and anthropometric measurements were not related to lifetime cocaine experience. CONCLUSIONS: In this age group, the detrimental cardiovascular effects of cocaine may be limited to acute effects. Further studies are needed to determine whether continued exposure is related to cardiovascular disease risk factors later in life.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.2105\/ajph.87.4.629","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2008,11,29]],"date-time":"2008-11-29T13:30:23Z","timestamp":1227965423000},"page":"629-634","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":15,"title":["Lifetime cocaine use and cardiovascular characteristics among young adults: the CARDIA study."],"prefix":"10.2105","volume":"87","author":[{"given":"B L","family":"Braun","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"D M","family":"Murray","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"S","family":"Sidney","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"844","reference":[{"key":"p_1","unstructured":"Jacobs MR, Fehr KO'B. Drugs and Drug Abuse: A Reference Text. 2nd ed. Toronto, Canada: Addiction Research Foundation; 1987."},{"key":"p_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archpsyc.1976.01770080101010"},{"key":"p_3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.694530"},{"key":"p_4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0376-8716(88)90015-4"},{"key":"p_5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/01.CIR.85.2.407"},{"key":"p_6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1364","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-3565(25)39392-4","volume":"266","author":"Farre M","year":"1993","journal-title":"J Pharmacol Exp Ther"},{"key":"p_7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM198612043152302"},{"key":"p_8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM198612043152327"},{"key":"p_9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0196-0644(05)81217-X"},{"key":"p_10","first-page":"136","volume":"2","author":"Lange RA","year":"1993","journal-title":"Heart Disease Stroke."},{"key":"p_11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0091-3057(88)90399-1"},{"key":"p_12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"247","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-3565(25)24787-5","volume":"257","author":"Foltin RW","year":"1991","journal-title":"J Pharmacol Exp Ther"},{"key":"p_13","first-page":"446","volume":"136","author":"Coleman DL","year":"1982","journal-title":"West J Med."},{"key":"p_14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1378\/chest.86.5.729"},{"key":"p_15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM198406213102511"},{"key":"p_16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.1985.03360010101036"},{"key":"p_17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0002-9149(85)90172-9"},{"key":"p_18","first-page":"479","volume":"110","author":"Simpson RW","year":"1986","journal-title":"Arch Path Lab Med."},{"key":"p_19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/01.CIR.86.1.226"},{"key":"p_20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ruttenber AJ, Sweeney PA, Mendlein JM, Wetli CV. Preliminary findings of an epidemiologic study of cocaine related deaths, Dade County, Florida, 1978-85. In: Schober S, Schade C, eds. The Epidemiology of Cocaine Use and Abuse. Rockville, Md: National Institute on Drug Abuse; 1991:95-111. Research monograph 110.","DOI":"10.1037\/e496252006-007"},{"key":"p_21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0002-8703(93)91024-9"},{"key":"p_22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0735-1097(94)00469-7"},{"key":"p_23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0046-8177(87)80338-6"},{"key":"p_24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/02791072.1992.10471663"},{"key":"p_25","unstructured":"Chitwood DD. Patterns and consequences of cocaine use. In: Kozel NJ, Adams EH, eds. Cocaine Use in America: Epidemiologic and Clinical Perspectives. Rockville, Md: National Institute on Drug Abuse; 1985:111-129. Research monograph 61."},{"key":"p_26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0197-2456(87)90008-0"},{"key":"p_27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0895-4356(88)90080-7"},{"key":"p_28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Cutter GR, Burke GL, Dyer AR, etal. Cardiovascular risk factors in young adults: the CARDIA baseline monograph. Controlled Clin Trials. 1991;12 (suppl 1).","DOI":"10.1016\/0197-2456(91)90002-4"},{"key":"p_29","unstructured":"National Household Survey on Drug Abuse: Main Findings 1982. Rockville, Md: National Institute on Drug Abuse; 1983. DHHS pub ADM 83-1263."},{"key":"p_30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/01.CIR.56.6.1067"},{"key":"p_31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00008483-198911000-00003"},{"key":"p_32","unstructured":"SAS Institute Inc. SAS\/STAT Users Guide. Version 6. 4th ed. Cary, NC: SAS Institute; 1989; 1 and 2."},{"key":"p_33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2105\/AJPH.86.12.1736"},{"key":"p_34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Single E, Kandel D, Johnson BD. The reliability and validity of drug use responses in a large scale epidemiological survey. J Drug Issues. 1975;fall:426-443.","DOI":"10.1177\/002204267500500411"},{"key":"p_35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Harrison ER, Haaga J, Richards T. Selfreported drug use data: what do they reveal?Am JDrugAlcoholAbuse. 1993; 19: 423-441.","DOI":"10.3109\/00952999309001632"},{"key":"p_36","unstructured":"Gfroerer JC, Hughes AL. Collecting data on illicit drug use by phone. In: Turner CF, Lessler JT, Gfroerer JC, eds. Survey Measurement of Drug Use. Methodological Studies Volume. Washington, DC: US Dept of Health and Human Services, Alcohol, Drug Abuse and Mental Health Administration; 1992."}],"container-title":["American Journal of Public Health"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/ajph.aphapublications.org\/doi\/pdf\/10.2105\/AJPH.87.4.629","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,5]],"date-time":"2025-02-05T00:45:17Z","timestamp":1738716317000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/ajph.aphapublications.org\/doi\/full\/10.2105\/AJPH.87.4.629"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[1997,4]]},"references-count":36,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-print":{"date-parts":[[1997,4]]}},"alternative-id":["10.2105\/AJPH.87.4.629"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2105\/ajph.87.4.629","relation":{},"ISSN":["0090-0036","1541-0048"],"issn-type":[{"type":"print","value":"0090-0036"},{"type":"electronic","value":"1541-0048"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[1997,4]]}}}