{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,26]],"date-time":"2026-03-26T23:05:38Z","timestamp":1774566338527,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":12,"publisher":"American Public Health Association","issue":"5","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Am J Public Health"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[1997,5]]},"abstract":"<jats:p> OBJECTIVES: The purpose of this study was to expand the search for risk factors for low birthweight and to find new explanations for the ethnic-group disparities in birth outcomes. METHODS: The subjects were 1150 pregnant women from six ethnic groups (African American, Chinese, Dominican, Puerto Rican, Mexican, and White) who received prenatal care at clinics in New York and Chicago between December 1987 and December 1989. Two interviews were conducted during the second and third trimesters of pregnancy. RESULTS: The study, after controlling for poverty and other birthweight correlates, showed that living in public housing and believing that chance plays a major role in determining one's health status were negatively associated with birthweight. Having a stable residence was positively related to birthweight. Material hardship, social adversity, perceived racial discrimination, physical abuse, anxiety, and depression were not associated with birthweight. CONCLUSIONS: The negative role of an impoverished living environment and feelings of helplessness, as well as the positive role of having a stable form of social support, suggest new directions for research on the causes of low birthweight and the ethnic disparities in US birth outcomes. <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.2105\/ajph.87.5.787","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2008,11,29]],"date-time":"2008-11-29T13:30:23Z","timestamp":1227965423000},"page":"787-793","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":110,"title":["Ethnic differences in birthweight: the role of lifestyle and other factors."],"prefix":"10.2105","volume":"87","author":[{"given":"P H","family":"Shiono","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"V A","family":"Rauh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"M","family":"Park","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"S A","family":"Lederman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"D","family":"Zuskar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"844","reference":[{"key":"p_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.1986.03370010054024"},{"key":"p_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Kleinman J, Kessel S. Racial differences in low birth weight. NEngl JMed. 1987;317: 749-753.","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM198709173171207"},{"key":"p_3","unstructured":"Institute of Medicine Committee to Study the Prevention of Low Birth Weight. Preventing Low Birth Weight. Washington, DC: National Academy Press; 1985."},{"key":"p_4","unstructured":"Kramer MS. The etiology and prevention of low birth weight: current knowledge and priorities for future research. In: Berendes HW, Kessel 5, Yaffe 5, eds. Advances in the Prevention of Low Birth Weight. Washington, DC: National Center for Education in Maternal and Child Health; 1991:35-37."},{"key":"p_5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2307\/1602504"},{"key":"p_6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2307\/145934"},{"key":"p_7","first-page":"271","volume":"20","author":"Pascoe JM","year":"1988","journal-title":"Fam Med."},{"key":"p_8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S003329170005501X"},{"key":"p_9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Spielberger CD, Gorsuch RL, Lushene RE. and maternal attitudes during pregnancy Manual for the State-Trait Anxiety Inven- and after delivery. J Psychosom Res. tory. Palo Alto, Calif: Consulting Psycholo- 1984;28:43-5 1. gists Press; 1970. 13. Wallston KA, Wallston BS, DeVellis R.","DOI":"10.1016\/0022-3999(84)90039-4"},{"key":"p_10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Radloff LS. The CES-D scale: a self-report Development of the Multidimensional depression scale for research in the general Health Locus of Control (MHLC) scales. population. Appl Psychol Meas. 1977;1: Health Educ Monogr 1978;6:160-170. 385-401. 14. 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