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Frequent douching was shown to be highly associated with pelvic inflammatory disease and modestly associated with cervical cancer. CONCLUSIONS: Current literature suggests that frequent douching increases the risk of pelvic inflammatory disease, ectopic pregnancy, and, possibly, cervical cancer. <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.2105\/ajph.87.7.1207","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2008,11,29]],"date-time":"2008-11-29T13:30:23Z","timestamp":1227965423000},"page":"1207-1211","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":141,"title":["Vaginal douching and adverse health effects: a meta-analysis."],"prefix":"10.2105","volume":"87","author":[{"given":"J","family":"Zhang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"A G","family":"Thomas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"E","family":"Leybovich","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"844","reference":[{"key":"p_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0197-2456(86)90046-2"},{"key":"p_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/sim.4780140513"},{"key":"p_3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2105\/AJPH.82.2.210"},{"key":"p_4","unstructured":"Stock RJ, Stock ME, Hutto JM. 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