{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,6]],"date-time":"2026-06-06T02:17:06Z","timestamp":1780712226918,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":10,"publisher":"American Public Health Association","issue":"12","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Am J Public Health"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[1998,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:p> OBJECTIVES: This study examined the claim incidence rate, cost, and industry distribution of work-related upper extremity disorders in Washington. METHODS: Washington State Fund workers' compensation claims from 1987 to 1995 were abstracted and categorized into general and specific disorders of gradual or sudden onset. RESULTS: Accepted claims included 100,449 for hand\/wrist disorders (incidence rate: 98.2\/10,000 full-time equivalents; carpal tunnel syndrome rate: 27.3), 30,468 for elbow disorders (incidence rate: 29.7; epicondylitis rate: 11.7), and 55,315 for shoulder disorders (incidence rate: 54.0; rotator cuff syndrome rate: 19.9). Average direct workers' compensation claims costs (medical treatment and indemnity) were $15,790 (median: $6774) for rotator cuff syndrome, $12,794 for carpal tunnel syndrome (median: $4190), and $6593 for epicondylitis (median: $534). Construction and food processing were among the industries with the highest rate ratios for all disorders (&gt; 4.0). CONCLUSIONS: Upper extremity disorders represent a large and costly problem in Washington State industry. Industries characterized by manual handling and repetitive work have high rate ratios. The contingent workforce appears to be at high risk. <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.2105\/ajph.88.12.1827","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2008,11,29]],"date-time":"2008-11-29T13:30:23Z","timestamp":1227965423000},"page":"1827-1833","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":171,"title":["Claims incidence of work-related disorders of the upper extremities: Washington state, 1987 through 1995."],"prefix":"10.2105","volume":"88","author":[{"given":"B","family":"Silverstein","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"E","family":"Welp","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"N","family":"Nelson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"J","family":"Kalat","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"844","reference":[{"key":"p_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Franklin GM, Haug J, Heyer N, etal. Occupational carpal tunnel syndrome in Washington State, 1984-1988. Am J Public Health. 199 1; 81:741-746.","DOI":"10.2105\/AJPH.81.6.741"},{"key":"p_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3109\/03009748409100371"},{"key":"p_3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ajim.4700270402"},{"key":"p_4","first-page":"713","volume":"36","author":"Webster BS","year":"1994","journal-title":"J Occup Med."},{"key":"p_5","unstructured":"Bernard B, ed. Musculoskeletal Disorders and Workplace Factors-A Critical Review of Epidemiologic Evidence for Work-Related Musculoskeletal Disorders ofthe Neck, Upper Extremity, and Low Back. 2nd ed. Atlanta, Ga: Centers for Disease Control and Prevention; 1997:5a-28."},{"key":"p_6","unstructured":"Hagberg M, Silverstein B, Wells R, etal. Work-Related Musculoskeletal Disorders (WMSDs): A Referencesor Prevention. London, England: Taylor & Francis; 1996:24-57."},{"key":"p_7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/oem.54.7.519"},{"key":"p_8","unstructured":"Bureau of Labor Statistics. Workplace Injuries and Illnesses in 1995. Olympia: Washington, DC: US Dept of Labor; 1997."},{"key":"p_9","unstructured":"Silverstein B, Grossman E, Nelson N, Kalat J. Upper extremity and low back musculoskeletal disorders: state and national estimates based on workers' compensation accepted claims. In: Managing Ergonomics in the 1990s: American Automobile Manufacturing Association conference proceedings, June 1997, Cincinnati, Ohio."},{"key":"p_10","unstructured":"1997 Long-Term Economic and Labor Force Forecast for Washington. Olympia: State of Washington Office of Financial Management; 1997:22."}],"container-title":["American Journal of Public Health"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/ajph.aphapublications.org\/doi\/pdf\/10.2105\/AJPH.88.12.1827","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2022,5,9]],"date-time":"2022-05-09T20:35:22Z","timestamp":1652128522000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/ajph.aphapublications.org\/doi\/full\/10.2105\/AJPH.88.12.1827"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[1998,12]]},"references-count":10,"journal-issue":{"issue":"12","published-print":{"date-parts":[[1998,12]]}},"alternative-id":["10.2105\/AJPH.88.12.1827"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2105\/ajph.88.12.1827","relation":{},"ISSN":["0090-0036","1541-0048"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0090-0036","type":"print"},{"value":"1541-0048","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[1998,12]]}}}