{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,14]],"date-time":"2026-10-14T17:45:12Z","timestamp":1791999912691,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":32,"publisher":"American Public Health Association","issue":"9","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Am J Public Health"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[1998,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>OBJECTIVES: Homeless adolescents represent one of the nation's most vulnerable populations. This study reports the 12-month prevalence of homeless episodes among US adolescents. METHODS: Personal, audiotaped interviews were conducted in 1992 and 1993 with a representative household sample of 6496 adolescents aged 12 to 17 as part of the Youth Risk behavior Survey sponsored by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Respondents reported whether they had spent the night in any of a variety of locations other than home during the previous 12 months. RESULTS: Altogether, 7.6% of the youths questioned reported that they had spent at least 1 night in youth or adult shelter (3.3%), public place (2.2%), an abandoned building (1.0%), outside 2.2%), underground (0.4%), or with a stranger (1.1%). Boys were much more likely than girls to report having experienced a homeless episode. CONCLUSIONS: This study suggests that homelessness among adolescents is not simply an urban problem and that prevention programs targeting homeless youths should be implemented nationwide. Additional research is needed to assess the frequency and duration of homeless experiences. Future studies of homelessness in the general population should include questions pertinent to adolescents.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.2105\/ajph.88.9.1325","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2008,11,29]],"date-time":"2008-11-29T13:30:23Z","timestamp":1227965423000},"page":"1325-1329","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":175,"title":["The prevalence of homelessness among adolescents in the United States."],"prefix":"10.2105","volume":"88","author":[{"given":"C L","family":"Ringwalt","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"J M","family":"Greene","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"M","family":"Robertson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"M","family":"McPheeters","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"844","reference":[{"key":"p_1","unstructured":"Robertson MJ. Homeless youth: an overview of recent literature. In: Kryder-Coe JH, Salamon LM, Molnar JM, eds. Homeless Children and Youth: A New American Dilemma. New Brunswick, NJ: Transaction Publishers;1991: 33-68."},{"key":"p_2","unstructured":"Russell LA. Homeless Youth: Child Maltreatment and Psychological Distress [dissertation]. Los Angeles: University of California, Los Angeles, School of Public Health; 1995."},{"key":"p_3","first-page":"4","volume":"3","author":"Solarz AL.","year":"1988","journal-title":"Mich: Society for Research in Child Development."},{"key":"p_4","unstructured":"Greene JM, Ringwalt CL, Kelly JE, Iachan R, Cohen Z. Youth With Runaway, Throwaway, and Homeless Experiences: Prevalence, Drug Use, and Other At-Risk Behaviors. Vols 1 and 2, final report under contract no. 105-90-1703 from the Administration on Children, Youth, and Families. Research Triangle Park, NC: Research Triangle Institute; 1995."},{"key":"p_5","first-page":"1177","volume":"44","author":"Greenblatt M","year":"1993","journal-title":"Hosp Community Psychiatry."},{"key":"p_6","unstructured":"Kennedy JT, Petrone J, Deisher RW, Emerson J, Heslop P, Bastible D, Arkovitz M. Health care for familyless, runaway street kids. In: Brickner PW, Scharer L, Keen L, Savarese BA, Marianne S, Brian C, eds. Under the Safety Net. The Health and Social Welfare of the Homeless in the United States. New York, NY: W.W. Norton & Co; 1990:82-117."},{"key":"p_7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archpedi.1995.02170180043006"},{"key":"p_8","unstructured":"Robertson MJ. Homeless Youth in Hollywood. Patterns ofAlcohol Use. Berkeley, Calif: Alcohol Research Group; 1989. A Report to the National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism (Report No. C5 1)."},{"key":"p_9","first-page":"415","volume":"16","author":"Robertson M","year":"1989","journal-title":"Contemp Drug Probl."},{"key":"p_10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/00224499209551631"},{"key":"p_11","first-page":"433","volume":"107","author":"Shernan DJ","year":"1992","journal-title":"Public Health Rep."},{"key":"p_12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2105\/AJPH.78.7.820"},{"key":"p_13","unstructured":"Horn W. Written before the Subcommittee on Children, Family, Drugs, and Alcoholism, Committee on Labor and Human Resources of the US Senate. February 7, 1990."},{"key":"p_14","unstructured":"Jahiel R. The size of the homeless population. In: Ren IJ, ed. Homelessness: A Prevention-Oriented Approach. Baltimore, Md: Johns Hopkins University Press; 1992:337-359."},{"key":"p_15","unstructured":"Burt M. Practical Methods for Counting Homeless People. Washington, DC: Interagency Council on the Homeless and US Dept of Housing and Urban Development; 1992."},{"key":"p_16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/10511482.1994.9521155"},{"key":"p_17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/h0079653"},{"key":"p_18","unstructured":"Children and Youths: About 58,000 Homeless and 186,000 in Shared Housing at Any Given lime. Gaithersburg, Md: US General Accounting Office; 1989. GAO\/PEMD-89-14."},{"key":"p_19","unstructured":"Robertson MJ, Clark R. Surviving for the Moment: A Report on Homeless Youth in San Francisco. Berkeley, Calif: Alcohol Research Group; 1995."},{"key":"p_20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Caton CLM. The epidemiology of homelessness. In: Caton CLM, ed. Homeless in America. New York, NY: Oxford University Press; 1990:19-35.","DOI":"10.1093\/oso\/9780195039184.003.0002"},{"key":"p_21","unstructured":"Opinion Research Corporation. National Statistical Survey on Runaway Youth. Washington, DC: US Dept of Health, Education, and Welfare, Office of Human Development; 1976."},{"key":"p_22","unstructured":"Finkelhor D, Hotaling T, Sedlak AJ. Missing, Abducted, Runaway, and Thrownaway Children in America: First Report, Numbers and Characteristics. Washington, DC: US Dept of Justice, Office of Juvenile Justice and Delinquency Prevention; 1990."},{"key":"p_23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/10511482.1994.9521158"},{"key":"p_24","unstructured":"Institute of Medicine. Homelessness, Health, and Human Needs. Washington, DC: National Academy Press; 1988."},{"key":"p_25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2105\/AJPH.84.12.1907"},{"key":"p_26","unstructured":"Applebaum RP. Counting the homeless. Paper presented at: Conference on Homelessness, George Washington University; December 13, 1986; Washington, DC."},{"key":"p_27","unstructured":"Stewart B. McKinney Homeless Assistance Act, Pub L No. 100-77, July 22, 1987."},{"key":"p_28","unstructured":"Cambum D, Cynamon M. Observation of new technology and family dynamics in a survey of youth. Paper presented at: Annual Meeting of the American Statistical Association; January 4, 1993; Fort Lauderdale, Fla."},{"key":"p_29","unstructured":"Shah BV, Bamwell BG, Bieler GS. SUDAAN Users Manual, Release 7.0. Research Triangle Park, NC: Research Triangle Institute; 1996."},{"key":"p_30","unstructured":"Bauman KE. Research Methods for Community Health and Welfare. New York, NY: Oxford University Press; 1980."},{"key":"p_31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/10511482.1991.9521080"},{"key":"p_32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/10511482.1991.9521065"}],"container-title":["American Journal of Public Health"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/ajph.aphapublications.org\/doi\/pdf\/10.2105\/AJPH.88.9.1325","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,3,3]],"date-time":"2024-03-03T23:59:01Z","timestamp":1709510341000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/ajph.aphapublications.org\/doi\/full\/10.2105\/AJPH.88.9.1325"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[1998,9]]},"references-count":32,"journal-issue":{"issue":"9","published-print":{"date-parts":[[1998,9]]}},"alternative-id":["10.2105\/AJPH.88.9.1325"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2105\/ajph.88.9.1325","relation":{},"ISSN":["0090-0036","1541-0048"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0090-0036","type":"print"},{"value":"1541-0048","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[1998,9]]}}}