{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,28]],"date-time":"2026-07-28T15:26:18Z","timestamp":1785252378053,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":41,"publisher":"American Public Health Association","issue":"10","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Am J Public Health"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2000,10,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:p> OBJECTIVES: This study assessed the relation of socioeconomic status (SES), family structure, and race\/ethnicity to adolescent sexual behaviors that are key determinants of pregnancy and sexually transmitted diseases (STDs). METHODS: The 1992 Youth Risk Behavior Survey\/Supplement to the National Health Interview Survey provided family data from household adults and behavioral data from adolescents. RESULTS: Among male and female adolescents, greater parental education, living in a 2-parent family, and White race were independently associated with never having had sexual intercourse. Parental education did not show a linear association with other behaviors. Household income was not linearly related to any sexual behavior. Adjustment for SES and family structure had a limited effect on the association between race\/ethnicity and sexual behaviors. CONCLUSIONS: Differences in adolescent sexual behavior by race and SES were not large enough to fully explain differences in rates of pregnancy and STD infection. This suggests that other factors, including access to health services and community prevalence of STDs, may be important mediating variables between SES and STD transmission and pregnancy among adolescents. <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.2105\/ajph.90.10.1582","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2008,11,29]],"date-time":"2008-11-29T13:33:29Z","timestamp":1227965609000},"page":"1582-1588","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":284,"title":["The association of sexual behaviors with socioeconomic status, family structure, and race\/ethnicity among US adolescents"],"prefix":"10.2105","volume":"90","member":"844","reference":[{"key":"p_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/0003-066X.49.1.15"},{"key":"p_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2105\/AJPH.84.6.892"},{"key":"p_3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2105\/AJPH.86.4.505"},{"key":"p_4","unstructured":"Brown SS, Eisenberg L. The Best Intentions: Unintended Pregnancy and the Well-Being of Children and Families. Washington, DC: National Academy Press; 1995."},{"key":"p_5","unstructured":"The Alan Guttmacher Institute. Sex and America's Teenagers. New York, NY: The Alan Guttmacher Institute; 1994:58."},{"key":"p_6","unstructured":"Hofferth SL. Factors affecting initiation of sexual intercourse. In: Hofferth SL, Hayes CD, eds. Risking the Future: Adolescent Sexuality, Pregnancy, and Childbearing. Vol 2. Washington, DC: National Academy Press; 1987:7-35."},{"key":"p_7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2105\/AJPH.85.7.957"},{"key":"p_8","unstructured":"Wu LL. Effects of Family Instability, Income, and Income Instability on the Risk of a Premarital Birth. Madison: Center for Demography and Ecology, University of Wisconsin; 1994. CDE Working Paper 94-07."},{"key":"p_9","first-page":"750","volume":"73","author":"Hayward MD","year":"1992","journal-title":"Soc Sci Q."},{"key":"p_10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/sf\/72.2.479"},{"key":"p_11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2105\/AJPH.85.11.1546"},{"key":"p_12","unstructured":"Division of STD Prevention, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Sexually Transmitted Disease Surveillance, 1996. Atlanta, Ga: Centers for Disease Control and Prevention; 1997."},{"key":"p_13","unstructured":"Ventura SJ, Curtin SC, Mathews TJ. Teenage Births in the United States: National and State Trends, 1990-96. Hyattsville, Md: National Center for Health Statistics; 1988. DHHS publication PHS 98-1019."},{"key":"p_14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.314.7096.1719"},{"key":"p_15","first-page":"409","volume":"1","author":"Cates W","year":"1990","journal-title":"Adolesc Med State Art Rev."},{"key":"p_16","unstructured":"Aral SO, Holmes KK. Epidemiology of sexual behavior and sexually transmitted diseases. In: Holmes KK, Mardh P, Sparling PF, et al. Sexually Transmitted Diseases. 2nd ed. NewYork, NY: McGraw-Hill; 1990:19-42."},{"key":"p_17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00007435-199201000-00001"},{"key":"p_18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2307\/2135805"},{"key":"p_19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2105\/AJPH.88.6.956"},{"key":"p_20","first-page":"929","volume":"39","author":"Centers for Disease Control and Prevention","year":"1991","journal-title":"MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep."},{"key":"p_21","unstructured":"Moore KA, Miller BC, Glei D, Morrison DR. Adolescent Sex, Contraception, and Childbearing: A Review of Recent Research. 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Adolescent sexual behavior as it relates to other transition behaviors in youth. In: Hofferth SL, Hayes CD, eds. Risking the Future: Adolescent Sexuality, Pregnancy, and Childbearing. Vol 2. Washington, DC: National Academy Press; 1987:36-55."},{"key":"p_30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Adams PF, Schoenborn CA, Moss AJ, Warren CW, Kann L. Health risk behaviors among our nation's youth: United States, 1992. Vital Health Stat 10. 1995;No. 192:1-51.","DOI":"10.1037\/e609452007-001"},{"key":"p_31","unstructured":"Benson V, Marano MA. Current estimates from the National Health Interview Survey 1992. Vital Health Stat 10. 1994;No. 189:1-269."},{"key":"p_32","unstructured":"Shah BV, Barnwell BG, Bieler GS. SUDAAN: Software for the Statistical Analysis of Correlated Data; User's Manual, Release 7.0. 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